摘要： 【目的】解决高压输电线用光热超疏水涂层在非结冰期持续加热的问题。【方法】将热致变色微胶囊（临界变色温度 5~10 ℃）、二氧化硅纳米颗粒与聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）复合，构建分级微纳结构。开发了一种兼具温度自适应调控与光热效应的多功能超疏水涂层（ TCSC）。该涂层低温时呈黑色，光热效应显著，温度快速升高；常温时呈白色，光热效应减弱，温度上升缓慢甚至稳定不变。实验通过模拟气候箱及冷却平台验证涂层的疏水性、冰黏附强度，使用冷光源测试不同光照强度下光热效应，通过酸碱盐溶液测试涂层疏水稳定性。【结果】 TCSC水接触角 153°，结冰时间达 341 s（约为金属铝表面的 4倍），冰黏附强度仅 53. 3 kPa（约为金属铝表面的 16%）弱光（200 W/m²）下 70 s实现脱冰； TCSC临界变色温度 5~10 ℃，其可以动态调控光热效率；酸碱盐环境下水接触角，波动 < 5°，可在 15°倾斜角自清洁沙砾。【结论】该涂层通过热致变色 -光热协同机制，为高压输电线防冰技术的全气候适应性，提供创新解决方案。

关键词: 超疏水, 光热响应, 热致变色, 防冰

Abstract: ［Objective］ To address the issue of unnecessary heating of photothermalsuperhydrophobic coating for high-voltage transmission lines during non-icing periods.［Methods］ Thermochromic microcapsules（with a critical color-change temperature of 5-10 ℃）， silica nanoparticles，and polydimethylsiloxane（PDMS）were combined to construct hierarchical micro-nano structures. A multifunctional superhydrophobic coating（TCSC） integrating temperature-adaptiveregulation and photothermal effects was developed. This coating appears black at low temperatures， exhibiting a significant photothermal effect for rapid temperature increase，and turns white at ambient temperatures，where the photothermal effect weakens，resulting in slow or even negligible temperaturerise. The hydrophobicity and ice adhesion strength were validated through simulated climate chambersand cooling platforms；photothermal effects under varying light intensities were researched by using cold light source tests，and chemical stability was evaluated by using acid，alkine and salt solutions.［Results］TCSC has a water contact angle of 153°，an icing delay time of up to 341 seconds（about 4 times that of a bare aluminum surface）， and an ice adhesion strength of only 53. 3 kPa（about 16% that of the bare aluminum surface）. Deicing can be achieved within 70 seconds under weak light（200 W/m²）. Addition-ally，TCSC enables dynamic control of photothermal efficiency at a criticalcolor-change temperature of 5-10 ℃，reducing substrate thermal damage by 45% during non-freezingseasons. Further-more its contact angle fluctuation in acidic，alkaline and saline environments is less than 5°，allowing it to function as self-cleaning gravel with a tilt angle of 15°.［Conclusion］This coating provides an innovative solution for the all-weather adaptability of anti-icing technology forhigh-voltage transmission lines through a thermochromic photothermal synergistic mechanism.

Key words: superhydrophobic；photothermal response；thermochromic；anti-icing 

中图分类号: 

• TQ637. 2