摘要： 【目的】电力设备长期运行过程中的发热问题严重威胁电网的安全稳定性，亟需发展兼具高效散热与表面防护功能的新型功能涂层技术。【方法】通过在超疏水涂层体系中引入具有高热导率、高发射率的碳纳米管（CNTs）填料，制备了一种兼具优异散热性能与自清洁功能的超疏水散热涂层，系统研究了涂层的热物理性能、电气绝缘特性及环境稳定性。【结果】当碳纳米管质量分数为 5%时，涂层的热导率达到 2. 29 W/（m·K），发射率保持在 95%左右；在相同条件下能够显著降低金属罐内部变压器油的温度，验证了其优良的散热能力。同时，涂层表现出优异的超疏水性（接触角 >150°，水的滚动角 ≤2°，正十六烷滚动角 ≤8°）、自洁性、附着力、耐候性和防污闪性能，满足电力设备表面长期稳定运行要求。【结论】所制备的超疏水散热涂层在保障电气绝缘性能的同时，实现了高效散热与表面防护功能的一体化，为提升电力设备运行可靠性提供了新的技术途径。

关键词: 散热涂层, 超疏水涂层, 碳纳米管, 电力设备

Abstract: ［Objective］To address the increasingly severe heating problems of power equipmentduo to the long-term operation and the consequent threats to the safety and stability of power systems， new functional coating technologies that combine efficient heat dissipation with surface protection needto be developed urgently.［Methods］ A bionic superhydrophobic radiative cooling coating was proposed and fabricated. By introducing carbon nanotubes（CNTs）fillers with high thermal conductivity and high emissivity into the superhydrophobic coating system，a superhydrophobic heat-dissipationcoating with both excellent heat-dissipation performance and self-cleaning functionality was prepared， and the thermal physical properties，electrical insulation characteristics，and environmental stability of the coating were systematically studied.［Results］ The experimental results demonstrated that theoptimal performance was achieved when the CNT doping concentration was 5%. At this concentration， the thermal conductivity of the coating reached 2. 29 W/(m·K)，and the emissivity remained at approximately 95%. Under identical heating conditions，the coating significantly reduced the temperature of the transformer oil inside the metal can，verifying its superior heat dissipation capacity. Furthermore，the coating exhibited outstanding superhydrophobicity（with a water contact angle >150°，water rolling angle ≤2°， n-hexadecane rolling angle ≤8°），self-cleaning ability，adhesion，and weather resistance，as well as anti-fouling flashover performance，meeting the requirements for long-term stable operation of power equipment surfaces.［Conclusion］This study provides a new approach for the integrated design of surface protection， thermal management and electrical insulation performance for power equipment，which is of great significance for improving the safety and reliability of power grid operations.

Key words: thermal dissipation coating, superhydrophobic coating, carbon nanotubes, power equipment

中图分类号: 

• TQ637. 6