摘要： 【目的】解决传统电热防冰涂层能耗高、温度可控性差的问题。【方法】本研究通过将单组分水性聚氨酯树脂、石蜡乳液及碳纳米管水性分散液按照一定比例混合均匀，制备了一种基于石蜡相变的正温度系数电热防冰涂层。【结果】该涂层具有明显的焦耳热效应，可在低温下进行电热防冰、除冰。此外，当涂层温度超过石蜡熔点时，涂层中的石蜡组分熔融，涂层电阻变大，防止电热涂层表面过度加热。涂层的破坏性试验证实，当涂层表面破损区域直径小于 4 mm时，涂层电热均匀性不受影响。力学性能测试表明，该涂层具有优异的耐弯曲性、附着力、柔韧性和耐冲击性。【结论】本文所报道的具有正温度系数效应的电热防冰涂层，可以主动抑制电热涂层温度过高，降低电热失温带来的安全隐患，为智能防冰系统设计提供了新的思路，在风机叶片、飞机机翼、高寒列车转向架等装备表面的防冰系统中具有广泛的应用前景。

关键词: 石蜡, 相变, 正温度系数效应, 电热防冰涂层

Abstract: ［Objective］To address the issues of high energy consumption and poor temperature controllability of traditional electricthermal anti-icing coating.［Methods］ In this study，an electrothermal anti-icing coating based on the positive temperature coefficient（PTC）effect of phase-change of paraffin was prepared by mixing the single-component waterborne polyurethane resin， paraffin emulsion and carbon nanotube aqueous dispersion in a certain proportion.［Results］ The coating exhibits a significant joule heating effect，showing excellent active anti-icing and deicing at lowtemperatures. When the coating temperature exceeds the wax’s melting point，the phase transition of wax in the coating occurs，leading to an increase of the electrical resistance of the coating，which prevents the overheat of the electrothermal coating. Destructive testing confirms that localized damagewith diameters below 4 mm does not compromise the coating’s electro-thermal uniformity. Mechanical evaluations demonstrate exceptional bending resistance，adhesion，flexibility，and impact resistance.［Conclusion］ The electrothermal anti-icing coating with a positive temperature coefficient effectreported in this article can actively suppress the excessively high temperature of the electrothermalcoating and reduce the safety risks associated with heat loss. It provides a new idea for the design ofintelligent anti-icing systems and has broad application prospects in anti-icing systems on the surfacesof equipment such as wind turbine blades，aircraft wings，and railway bogies in frigid regions.

Key words: paraffin wax, phase change, PTC effect, electrothermal anti-icing coating

中图分类号: 

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• TQ637. 2