［Objective］ A series of N-alkylated indole derivatives（NAID） were designed and synthesized，and their antifouling activity against fouling organisms was evaluated.［Methods］Different carbon chain lengths were introduced at the amino position of indole via N-alkylation reaction. The structures of target compounds were confirmed by IR and ¹H NMR. Their antifouling activity was assessed against the Navicula minima，mussel byssus and barnacle larvae. Molecular docking wasemployed to explore the interaction mechanism between alkylated indole and acetylcholinesterase.［Results］ Bioassay results demonstrated that N-alkylation significantly enhanced the antifouling activity of the indole derivatives. NAID. e，containing a 6-carbon chain，showed optimal performance， with an EC₅₀ of 0. 8 μg/mL against diatom attachment，an LC₅₀ of 1. 3 μg/mL against barnacle larvae， and 77% inhibition of mussel byssus attachment at 10 μg/mL. Molecular docking revealed that NAID. ecould form dual π -alkyl interactions with PHE331 and TYR334 in the active site of AChE.［Conclusion］ A series of indole derivatives with marked antifouling activity were successfully synthesized，providing promising candidate compounds for the development of novel antifouling agents.

［Objective］In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional coatings，such as easy damage and cracking，inconvenient detection and short protection life，this paper studies a compositecoating integrating self-healing and self-warning. The self-healing is humidity-responsive，which can automatically restore coating damage and prolong service life without additional external stimulation.The self-warning function can also prompt defects with instant fluorescence，so as to realize low-cost on-site monitoring，so as to realize long-term corrosion resistance and intelligent response of the coating.［Methods］ The HHPC core-shell nanofiber membrane with bionic microvascular network structure was prepared by one-step coaxial wet electrospinning technology，using hexamethylene diisocyanate（HDI）dispersed with 1，1，2，3，4，5-hexaphenylthiophene（HPS）as the core solution and polyacrylonitrile（PAN）doped with carbon nanotubes（CNTs）as the shell solution. Subsequently，the HHPC/EP composite coating was obtained by rotating the epoxy resin.［Results］The microstructure of the coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The chemical structure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR），and the successful encapsulation of the core material was verified. The excellent mechanicalproperties were confirmed by tensile test. Furthermore，the corrosion protection performance of thecomposite coating was tested by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） and salt spray test system.［Conclusion］It was found that when the micro-damage occurred in the composite coating system，the active substances encapsulated in the microvascular network were released，and HDI was cross-linked to form a polyurea molecular network under the action of water. While restoring thephysical barrier function of the coating，the spatial interaction between HPS molecules was limited，so that it emitted bright green fluorescence，thus realizing the dual functions of self-healing and self-warning of micro-damage of the coating.

［Objective］ This study aimed to develop a new resin material combining efficientmarine antifouling performance with stable mechanical properties.［Methods］ A novel copper-containing functional monomer（BIT-copper acetate）was prepared by innovatively combining 1，2-benzisothiazol-3-one（BIT）with a copper compound. Subsequently，through free radical polymerization， the monomer was then grafted at varying contents onto the side chain of acrylic resin to prepare the newBIT-copper acetate resin. The structures of the synthesized monomer and resin were characterizedusing 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The antifouling performance was evaluated by algae andbacterial inhibition tests as well as a 60-day real-sea hanging plate test.［Results］The resin exhibited excellent inhibitory effects against three species of algae and two species of bacteria，with a maximum algae inhibition rate of 80% and a bacteriostasis rate close to 100%. The 60-day real-sea hanging plate test confirmed its good antifouling performance in a real marine environment. The optimal foulinginhibition was achieved when the BIT-copper acetate content was around 10%，and no cracking or peeling was observed on the coating surface.［Conclusion］The prepared BIT-copper acetate resindemonstrated both high antifouling efficiency and stable mechanical properties.

［Objective］To solve the problem of marine biofouling on fishing nets during their use.［Methods］ A polyurethane resin with both degradability and self-generation of zwitterions wasprepared by using bio-based polylactic acid（PLA）as the soft segment，isophorone diisocyanate（IPDI） as the hard segment，and then extending the chain with poly（carboxybetaine）ester diol（PCB）and 1，4-butanediol. The number-average molecular weight and glass transition temperature of resin were characterized. Furthermore，the coating’s flexibility，adhesion strength，contact angle，hydrolytic degradation rate，and antifouling performance on fishing nets in a marine environment were investigated.［Results］When the PCB content is up to 20%，the polyurethane coating has good flexibility and adhesion to polyethylene（PE） substrate，and can self-generate zwitterions in seawater，forming self-renewingsurface through hydrolysis and degradation. The PE fishing nets coated with such coating show obviousantifouling performance after immersion in the sea for 3 months.［Conclusion］The above work providesnew ideas and references for the development of antifouling coatings applied in marine aquaculture.

［Objective］To address the corrosion issues faced by marine shore-based equipment in harsh marine climates（high salinity and humidity），a long-term protective coating was developed for such applications.［Methods］ A bio-based polyaspartic ester polyurea coating was prepared usingpolyaspartic ester as the matrix resin，bio-based cardanol as a functional additive，HDI trimer as the curing agent，and fillers such as silica，titanium dioxide，barium sulfate，and zinc phosphate. The polyurea coating was subjected to dynamic thermmechanical analysis，water contact angle measurements，resistance to high-low temperature alternation tests，and salt spray resistance tests. Itsstructure and morphology were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and infraredspectroscopy.［Results］The incorporation of cardanol improved the coating’s flexibility from 5 mm to 4 mm and enhanced its adhesion to 8 MPa. The water contact angle reached 97. 8°. After 2 000 hours ofneutral salt spray and high-low temperature alternation tests，the coating exhibited no blistering， delamination，or cracking，indicating excellent corrosion protection and stability.［Conclusion］The polyaspartic ester polyurea coating exhibits outstanding mechanical and anticorrosive properties. Theincorporation of cardanol improves the flexibility of the coating and enhances its adhesion to metalsubstrates. Additionally，the hydrophobic characteristics of the coating and the increased molecularcrosslinking density further enhance its corrosion resistance performance.

［Objective］ To develop green and environment-friendly antibacterial resin.［Methods］Herein，we report the design and synthesis of a green，intrinsically antifouling polyoxime urethane elastomer（PCDU）by incorporating a bio-based，furan-functionalized chain extender with inherent antibacterial activity.［Results］ The resulting PCDU exhibits outstanding mechanical properties（tensile strength up to 4. 03 MPa and elongation at break of 430%）， along with excellent antibacterial efficacy（100% inhibition within 24 h）and antifouling performance（nearly zero adhesion of algae and proteins）.［Conclusion］ A green and environment-friendly intrinsically antibacterial polyoxime urethane was prepared，which provided a certain reference value for the subsequentdevelopment of intrinsically antibacterial marine coatings.

［Objective/Significance］This paper aims to analyze the key revisions in GB/T 31817 —2015，focusing on technological upgrades in wind turbine blade coatings. It proposes optimizedstrategies for coating protection systems to adapt to complex environments，promoting industry development towards high efficiency， environmental friendliness， and long-term durability.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］ The revision introduced significant updates in several aspects：a corrosion（aging）environment classification system of the coating system on fiber-reinforced polymer（FRP） substrates was established，based primarily on temperature zones，geographical attributes（marine/land）， and annual precipitation. Multiple coating systems，such as polyaspartic ester， waterborne polyurethane，and waterborne fluorocarbon，were added，with detailed dry film thickness requirements for different environments. Performance requirements were enhanced，including improved adhesion，aging resistance，and humidity resistance，along with new key indicators such as elongation at break，rain erosion resistance，low-temperature/humidity cycle resistance，anti-icing contact angle，and mold resistance. The salt spray resistance requirement was removed，while VOC limits were strengthened. Surface treatment methods were optimized，with clear application techniques like roller and blade coating，and additional requirements for maintenance and environmentally friendlyconstruction were introduced.［Conclusion/Prospect］The revised standard achieved comprehensive improvements in environmental adaptability，sustainability，and engineering practicality. However，there were also limitations in the refinement of environmental classification，scientific basis for thickness design， and performance evaluation systems. Future efforts should strengthen research on environmental-agingmechanisms，improve performance evaluation methods，establish full-lifecycle databases，and explorenew materials and technologies for extreme environments to support subsequent standard upgrades. Therevised GB/T 31817—2015 is expected to be promulgated and implemented in 2026. 

［Objective/Significance］ With increasingly stringent environmental regulations andgrowing demands for marine ecological conservation，copper-free self-polishing antifouling coatingshave become a research hotspot for marine biofouling control. Traditional copper-based coatings areincreasingly restricted due to issues such as low copper ion utilization efficiency，ecological toxicity， and induced substrate corrosion.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］Recent advancements in copper-free antifouling coatings were systematically reviewed in this article，three main antifouling mechanisms including regulation of surface physical properties，interference with biological perception，and the controlled release of environmentally friendly antifoulants were mainly discussed. The applications ofnovel antifoulants derived from natural products（e. g.，capsaicin，camptothecin） and synthetic compounds（e.g.，butenolide，medetomidine）were introduced，and the performance optimizations forzinc/silyl acrylate resin systems and organic fluorine/silicone-based low-surface-energy coatings wereanalyzed. Furthermore，the advantages and challenges of biocide-free coatings were summarized.［Conclusion/Prospect］ Copper-free antifouling coatings showed significant potential in environmental compatibility and long-term antifouling performance，offering a promising direction for the development of sustainable marine antifouling technologies.

［Objective/Significance］ Prevention and control of marine biofouling is of greatsignificance to the development of global marine industry. As new antibacterial and antifoulingmaterials，photo/piezoelectric catalytic functional materials are characterized by green，environmental friendly and high efficient advantages，and a good application prospect in the field of marine biofoulingprevention.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］Based on the advantages of photo/piezoelectric catalytic functional materials，this paper mainly introduces the working principle of this kind of materials and thedifferent material systems，and application progress of this kind of materials in marine antifouling，and finally summarizes the problems existing in the practical research and application of this kind ofmaterials. Finally，the prospects are discussed.［Conclusion/Prospect］ As emerging functional materials，the photo/piezoelectric functional materials are expected to provide a new technical idea andapproach for the protection against marine biofouling.

［Objective/Significance］ Marine biofouling in the waterline area of marine engineering equipment poses a significant challenge，driving the need for novel antifouling technologies. Leveraging the unique light conditions near the waterline，photocatalytic antibacterialantifouling technology has attracted widespread attention for its high efficiency，broad-spectrum sterilization capability，and environmental friendliness.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］Photocatalyticmaterials exhibit excellent antibacterial and antifouling performance by generating reactive oxygenspecies，inducing cellular oxidative stress，and combining physical/mechanical and photothermal sterilization mechanisms. In this paper，the formation process of marine biofouling and the mechanismsunderlying photocatalytic antibacterial antifouling were systematically reviewed，with a focused discussion on the applications of different types of photocatalytic antibacterial materials in marineantifouling.［Conclusion/Prospect］ Although photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling technologystill faces many challenges before practical application，the continuous development and integration ofemerging technologies are expected to establish it as an efficient，green，and sustainable solution for the controlling marine biofouling.

［Objective/Significance］ Performance evaluation technology plays a crucial role inthe development of marine antifouling coatings with long service life，and is essential for shortening the R&D cycle and enhancing coating performance.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］ In this article， recent advances in this field were comprehensively reviewed. Two primary evaluation methodologies： simulated testing and field shipboard trials were analyzed emphatically，with elaborating on the testing principles and limitations related to antifouling performance（including its key driving factors）and drag reduction performance. Emerging evaluation technologies such as laboratory bioassays，freshwater immersion resistance，cleaning resistance，and service life assessment were also discussed. These methods significantly enhance evaluation efficiency and accuracy through optimized experimentalconditions. Finally，current challenges in evaluation technologies were summarized，and future development directions were outlined.［Conclusion/Prospect］ The development of an intelligent evaluation system that integrates in-situ monitoring，multi-scale assessment，and artificial intelligence will offer a more reliable theoretical and methodological foundation for evaluating the antifoulingperformance and predicting the service life of marine coatings.

［Objective/Significance］ Under the synergistic effects of deep-sea environmental factors—such as high hydrostatic pressure，high salinity，low temperature，low dissolved oxygen，and microbial activity—metallic and alloy-based marine engineering equipment are prone to corrosion and fatigue failure，posing significant challenges to their long-term operation. Organic anti-corrosioncoatings have become one of the most widely used protection methods in deep-sea applications due totheir excellent anti-corrosion performance，ease of application，and high cost-effectiveness.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］ This paper reviews recent advances in deep-sea anti-corrosionorganic coatings and key characterization techniques，with a focus on the critical factors influencingtheir corrosion protection performance in deep-sea environments. The effects of water uptake， interfacial adhesion，and mechanical properties on coating degradation are systematically discussed.Finally，the current challenges and future development trends of deep-sea anti-corrosion coatings are outlined，thus providing a foundation for more systematic and comprehensive future research.［Conclusion/Prospect］ Future efforts should focus on elucidating coupled damage mechanisms， developing integrated functional designs，advancing intelligent monitoring technologies，and achieving accurate service life prediction，which are pivotal to develop high performance organic coatings with long term corrosion resistance.

［Purpose/Significance］Epoxy zinc-rich coatings（EZRCs）are extensively employedin the field of marine heavy-duty anti-corrosion. They play a crucial role in extending the service life ofmarine engineering facilities and reducing maintenance costs.［Analysis/Comment/Progress］ This article introduces the definition，relevant standard systems，and anti-corrosion mechanisms of EZRCs. It further provides an in-depth analysis of recent research progress aimed at enhancing EZRCperformance through strategies including the incorporation of conductive materials，pigments and fillers，and surface modification of zinc powder.［Conclusion/Prospect］ EZRCs exhibit promisingprospects within the marine heavy-duty anti-corrosion domain. However，advancing core mechanistic understanding，refining synergistic studies of coating systems，and improving compatibility with testingstandards are imperative. Future development will focus on advancing green and environmentallyfriendly formulations，enhancing long-term anti-corrosion efficacy，and improving environmentaladaptability to meet the stringent anticorrosive demands of marine engineering application.