［Objective］ To improve the adhesion phenomenon of gelled oil aggregates duringcrude oil gathering and transportation.［Methods］ A superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobiccomposite coating was successfully fabricated by a synergistic preparation method combining multilayerspraying and polymer cross-linking. In this process，a blended system consisting of polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）chitosan（CS），and titanium dioxide nanoparticles（TiO₂）was used as the base layer，aqueous glutaralde，hyde（GA） solution as the cross-linking layer，and polydopamine（PDA） solution as the reinforcing layer. The wettability of the coating was evaluated by measuring the water and oil contactangles. Additionally，the surface composition and micro-morphology of the coating were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. Meanwhile，the durability and underwater oil adhesion resistance of the coating were tested.［Results］ The coating was cured at 80 ℃ for 3 hours after spraying the aqueous GA solution，and then reacted at 80 ℃ for 1 hour followed by curing at 60 ℃ for 2 hours after spraying the PDA solution. The resultingcoating exhibited a water contact angle of 5. 4° in air and underwater oil contact angles exceeding 160°for various oil types. GA successfully cross-linked CS，PVA，and PDA，forming a dense cross-linked network. The outer PDA layer significantly enhanced the surface hydrophilicity and the adhesionstrength to the substrate. After 100 friction cycles and 100 peeling tests，the coating still maintained awater contact angle of approximately 10° and an underwater oil contact angle of more than 160°. Whentested in a stirred pipeline oil transportation simulation device for crude oil adhesion resistance andsalinity tolerance，the composite coating showed stable crude oil adhesion resistance.［Conclusion］ The prepared composite coating exhibits excellent durability and outstanding resistance to crude oiladhesion. 

［Objective］ To optimize the interfacial adhesion between ceramic-reinforced resin coatings and stainless steel，and to reveal the intrinsic correlation mechanism linking surface pretreatment，interfacial microstructure，and adhesion performance.［Methods］This study investigated the effects of three pretreatment processes，namely as-manual grinding，mechanical grinding，and sandblasting. Confocal microscopy，X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）， and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy（SEM/EDS）were used to characterize the microtopographyof the stainless steel surface and coating interface. Combined with pull-off tests to measure the coatingadhesion，the adhesion enhancement mechanism and interfacial failure modes were analyzed. ［Results］Due to the presence of a dense oxide film（Cr2O3，Fe3O4）on the original surface，gaps were easily formed between the coating and the substrate，resulting in the lowest coating adhesion（4. 9 MPa），the failure was primarily attributed to delamination between the coating and the substrate interface. By removing part of the oxide film and forming grooves，manual/mechanical grinding increased the adhesion to 15. 4-18. 0 MPa by virtue of mechanical interlocking and the stress regulation effect of ceramic phases，and the failure mode presented a mixed pattern of interfaceseparation and coating cohesive failure. Sandblasting removed the oxide film and formed three-dimensional pits，allowing the ceramic phase to interlock deeply with the pits，resulting in peak adhesion.［Conclusion］ Surface pretreatment could significantly alter the interfacial microstructurebetween the metal substrate and the coating，ultimately affecting the bonding strength and final failuremode of coating. Sandblasting was the optimal pretreatment process，providing a scientific basis for theselection of pretreatment processes for ceramic-reinforced resin coatings in engineering practice.

［Objective］ To mitigate the durability deterioration of slope engineering structuresinduced by prolonged groundwater seepage and corrosive medium corrosion，a modified mica/epoxycomposite coating with enhanced impermeability and corrosion resistance was developed to overcome the defect of insufficient protective performance of traditional epoxy coatings.［Methods］Mica powderwas surface-modified using the silane coupling agent KH-550 and subsequently incorporated into anepoxy resin matrix to fabricate the modified mica composite coating. The impermeability of coating wascharacterized via water absorption and water vapor barrier performance tests. The corrosion resistancewas evaluated through electrochemical measurements. Furthermore， the influence of KH-550 modification on the overall performance of coating was investigated by combining adhesion strengthtests with water contact angle measurements.［Results］KH-550 effectively improved the dispersion ofmica powder within epoxy resin. Compared with the unmodified system，the modified mica coatingsignificantly improved the interfacial bonding strength and surface hydrophobicity. The adhesion increased from 7. 38 MPa to 8. 01 MPa，and the water contact angle increased from 98. 27° to 111. 09°.Both the anti-seepage and anti-corrosion performance have been significantly enhanced. The watervapor transmission rate decreased from 175. 11 g/（m²·d） to 33.04g/（m²·d）， and the water vapor permeability coefficient decreased from 6. 47×10^-12 g·cm/（cm²·s·Pa） to 1. 36×10^-12 g·cm/（cm²·s· Pa）. After being immersed in a 3. 5% NaCl solution for 600 hours，the low-frequency impedance modulus of coating remained at 1. 04×10¹¹ Ω ·cm²，and the phase angle was 68°，demonstrating excellent shielding and protective performance.［Conclusion］ The KH-550 modification effectivelypromotes the uniform dispersion and interfacial bonding of mica powder within the epoxy coating. Theresulting modified mica coating not only significantly enhances the physical barrier performance butalso improves the adhesion to the metallic substrate，thereby providing a valuable technical referencefor the selection of anti-seepage and anti-corrosion materials in harsh environments such as slopeengineering.

［Objective］ In order to improve the strength and toughness of UV-curable polyurethane materials.［Methods］ A PUA/SiO₂ composite resin was prepared by compoundingpolyurethane acrylate（PUA）with nano-silica（SiO₂）surface-modified by N，N-dimethylacrylamide（DMAA）. The effects of modified SiO₂ content on the microstructure and properties of PUA resins andits films were investigated systematically.［Results］The modified SiO₂ nanoparticles were uniformlydispersed in PUA matrix and had a slight influence on the viscosity of PUA resin. The mechanicalproperties of composite film were significantly improved at a modified SiO₂ content of 5%. The modulus， tensile strength and elongation at break reached 0. 55 GPa，20. 72 MPa，and 132. 49%（representingincreases of 27. 91%，67. 78% and 27. 95%），respectively，while high transparency was maintained with a light transmittance of 91. 25% and a haze of 4. 04%.［Conclusion］The above composite resin features high strength，high toughness，and high transparency，thus exhibiting broad application prospects in the field of coatings and film materials.

［Objective］ To address the poor compatibility between vacuum-deposited coatings and polycarbonate（PC）substrates arising from the low surface energy of PC，a silicone-acrylic hybridresin primer for PC vacuum coating was designed and synthesized via molecular structure engineering.［Methods］ The first step involved synthesizing an alcohol-soluble acrylic prepolymer（IPAA） via solution polymerization using MMA，MAA，HPA，KH-570，ABVN，and IPA as primary raw materials. In the second step，an alcohol-soluble organosilicon-acrylic hybrid resin was synthesized via the sol-gel method using MTES，IPAA，and self-made adhesion promoter（FC）as primary raw materials. Theinfluence mechanism of formulation parameters on the comprehensive properties of the coating wassystematically investigated.［Results］ Optimization results indicated that the alcohol-soluble organosilicon-acrylic hybrid resin was successfully synthesized through a two-step process of“radical solution polymerization-sol-gel. ”When FC content was 4wt%，silica sol content was 5wt%，and the MTES/IPAA mass ratio（M/I value） was 1.2，the coating exhibited excellent adhesion，moisture resistance，heat resistance，optical transparency，and coating compatibility.［Conclusion］This primer exhibited excellent adhesion on PC substrates，along with outstanding damp heat resistance and optical properties. The deposited ITO film demonstrated favorable optoelectronic performance，meeting the stringent performance requirements for vacuum-coated PC products.

［Objective/Significance］ The resins widely used in coatings are derived from petroleum-based materials. With the depletion of fossil resources and the need for environmental protection，developing bio-based resins that do not rely on fossil resources is of great significance forthe green development of coatings.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］This paper reviews the research progress of bio-based resins，focusing on the new resins prepared using bio-based materials such as vegetable oils，cardanol，and lignin. It also summarizes the modification methods of these bio-basedresins. The performance of the coatings obtained from some modified bio-based resins is comparable to， or even better than，that of the coatings obtained from petroleum-based resins.［Conclusion/Prospect］ Currently，some bio-based resins still face challenges such as complex preparation processes andrelatively high costs. In the future，by reducing costs and optimizing performance，bio-based resins will play a greater role in the coatings field.

［Objective］ To address the issues of traditional biofouling evaluation，such as difficulty in quantification，low efficiency，and strong subjectivity，an automated quantitative evaluation scheme based on image recognition technology was proposed.［Methods］ A seven-month marine immersion test was conducted in the waters of Liuheng Island，Zhoushan. We fully documented the biofouling progression on three types of test panels，covering the period from the off-season to the peak season of fouling organism growth. The biofouling images were analyzed and compared using the quadrat method，the annotation masking method and the image recognition method，and an enhanced fouling rating evaluation model was established.［Results］The U-Net model achieved high recognition accuracy for biofouling images，and its recognition speed was two orders of magnitude faster than manual methods，requiring only 71. 6 ms per image. By introducing species-specific weighting coefficients，a fouling rating evaluation model was proposed. From June to September，the fouling ratingof blank panel increased from 15. 5 to 157. 4. Hydrolytic coating A exhibited a lower fouling rating and superior anti-fouling performance than self-polishing coating B，indicating that the anti-foulingefficacy of coatings differed under different actual marine conditions.［Conclusion］Image recognitiontechnology provided an efficient and reliable technical means for the quantitative assessment of marinebiofouling and the evaluation of anti-fouling coating performance，and significantly improved the accuracy and rationality of fouling evaluation.

［Objective］ To address the issues of traditional biofouling evaluation，such as difficulty in quantification，low efficiency，and strong subjectivity，an automated quantitative evaluation scheme based on image recognition technology was proposed.［Methods］ A seven-month marine immersion test was conducted in the waters of Liuheng Island，Zhoushan. We fully documented the biofouling progression on three types of test panels，covering the period from the off-season to the peak season of fouling organism growth. The biofouling images were analyzed and compared using the quadrat method，the annotation masking method and the image recognition method，and an enhanced fouling rating evaluation model was established.［Results］The U-Net model achieved high recognition accuracy for biofouling images，and its recognition speed was two orders of magnitude faster than manual methods，requiring only 71. 6 ms per image. By introducing species-specific weighting coefficients，a fouling rating evaluation model was proposed. From June to September，the fouling ratingof blank panel increased from 15. 5 to 157. 4. Hydrolytic coating A exhibited a lower fouling rating and superior anti-fouling performance than self-polishing coating B，indicating that the anti-foulingefficacy of coatings differed under different actual marine conditions.［Conclusion］Image recognitiontechnology provided an efficient and reliable technical means for the quantitative assessment of marinebiofouling and the evaluation of anti-fouling coating performance，and significantly improved the accuracy and rationality of fouling evaluation.

［Objective］The internal environment of oil pipelines faces the destructive effects of acidic media，high-salinity water，and sand impact simultaneously. Traditional polyurethane coatingsstruggle to balance corrosion resistance and impact resistance.［Methods］To enhance the protective performance of pipelines，a novel anti-corrosion and impact-resistant coating was prepared by utilizinghydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane（OH-PDMS） to modify polyurethane. The coating was systematically characterized and evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy，tensile testing， resilience testing，water absorption rate measurement，hydrolysis weight loss rate measurement， electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and falling sand impact testing.［Results］When the OH-PDMS content was 15%，the coating exhibited optimal mechanical properties，with tensile strength reaching 63 MPa and toughness reaching 316. 4 MJ/m3. After being immersed in sodium chloride immersion for 30 days，the impedance modulus of the coating still maintained 94% of its initial value. In addition，the coating exhibited excellent impact resistance，with wear mass reduced by 42. 3% and minimal surface damage. These improvements are attributed to the microphase separation， hydrophobicity and enhanced energy absorption induced by OH-PDMS.［Conclusion］This coating provides high strength，long-term corrosion resistance and excellent impact resistance in simulatedinternal environments of oil pipelines with sand and high salinity，offering an efficient solution with practical application potential for internal pipeline protection.

［Objective/Significance］ Developing highly efficient flame-retardant technology iscrucial for enhancing the safety of epoxy resin（EP） coatings. This review aims to systematicallysummarize the design strategies，flame-retardant mechanisms，and research progress of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane（POSS）-based hybrid flame retardants（X@POSS）.［Analysis/Discussion/ Progress］ Based on the differences in the“X”components，the construction strategies，flame-retardant efficiency，and effects on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of EP compositescoatings are systematically reviewed for phosphorus-based@POSS，carbon-based@POSS，metal/metal oxide@POSS， MOF@POSS， and multi-component@POSS. X@POSS hybrid flame retardants significantly enhance the limiting oxygen index（up to 38.2%）and UL-94 rating（V-0 level）of EP coatings，while effectively reducing the heat release rate（by up to 78.0%） and smoke density. Moreover，many systems also improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the materials.The flame-retardant mechanism primarily stems from the synergistic effects of gas-phase radical quenching and condensed-phase catalytic char formation with barrier protection.［Conclusion/ Prospect］ X@POSS represents an effective pathway for the high-performance development of EP coatings. Future research should focus on precise molecular synthesis，enhanced environmental compatibility，and industrial application.

［Objective/Significance］ Developing highly efficient flame-retardant technology iscrucial for enhancing the safety of epoxy resin（EP） coatings. This review aims to systematicallysummarize the design strategies，flame-retardant mechanisms，and research progress of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane（POSS）-based hybrid flame retardants（X@POSS）.［Analysis/Discussion/ Progress］ Based on the differences in the“X”components，the construction strategies，flame-retardant efficiency，and effects on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of EP compositescoatings are systematically reviewed for phosphorus-based@POSS，carbon-based@POSS，metal/metal oxide@POSS， MOF@POSS， and multi-component@POSS. X@POSS hybrid flame retardants significantly enhance the limiting oxygen index（up to 38.2%）and UL-94 rating（V-0 level）of EP coatings，while effectively reducing the heat release rate（by up to 78.0%） and smoke density. Moreover，many systems also improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the materials.The flame-retardant mechanism primarily stems from the synergistic effects of gas-phase radical quenching and condensed-phase catalytic char formation with barrier protection.［Conclusion/ Prospect］ X@POSS represents an effective pathway for the high-performance development of EP coatings. Future research should focus on precise molecular synthesis，enhanced environmental compatibility，and industrial application.

［Objective/Significance］To address the problems of water flow blockage，flow rate reduction，and fouling corrosion caused by freshwater organisms such as mussels attaching to thestructural surface of hydropower water passages，and to provide technical guidance for improving theoperational safety and economic efficiency of hydropower facilities.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］ This study systematically explored the types and mechanisms of aquatic organism attachment infreshwater，as well as the differences compared with marine environments. The fouling attachment process，characteristics of organisms，and their hazards to hydropower projects were analyzed. Themainstream antifouling technologies including mechanical removal，biocides，biology，and materials science were reviewed. The application effectiveness and selection criteria of different antifouling coatings were evaluated based on international engineering cases. Freshwater organisms cause severefouling through complex mechanisms such as electrostatic adsorption and byssal adhesion. Due to highattachment strength and rapid reproduction，mussels have become the core hazardous species. Antifouling coatings can effectively prevent the growth of mussels and algae，and application cases insome international hydropower stations have verified that copper-based and silicone-based coatingscan significantly reduce the mussel attachment rate and save annual cleaning and maintenance costs.［Conclusion/Prospect］ Physical removal involves downtime losses，while chemical control poses ecological risks. Environmentally friendly antifouling coatings（especially low surface energy silicone composite coatings） have the advantages of being environmentally friendly，long-lasting，and economical，making them a promising prevention and control measure to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the hydropower station structures.

［Objective/Significance］ The development of optoelectronic information technologyimposes higher requirements on the core optical properties of optical coatings，such as light transmittance and refractive index. Polyurethane optical coatings，which combine designable optical properties with excellent abrasion resistance and weatherability，are a critical material system for high-end optical coatings.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］The research progress of polyurethane coatingsfor high-performance optical materials was systematically reviewed in this article，focusing on five functional types：high-transmittance coatings，refractive-index-tunable coatings，optical polarization coatings，spectrally selective absorption coatings and fluorescent coatings. The principles of performance regulation，optimization strategies and structure-property relationships for each type were discussed.［Conclusion/Prospect］Polyurethane optical coatings，based on molecular structure design and assisted by organic/inorganic materials blending strategies，will gradually evolve toward multifunctional integration and eco-friendly application.