摘要： 【目的/意义】随着冰雪在材料表面附着引发的工程问题日益突出，尤其在光伏、风电等能源领域，防覆冰表面的需求愈发迫切。【分析/评论/进展】近年来，仿生防冰表面研究借鉴自然界生物表面防冰机制，取得了显著进展。本文从冰的形成、传播及其抑制机理出发，综述了当前的防冰技术，重点介绍了 3种主要的仿生防冰策略：基于荷叶效应的超疏水表面（SHS）、基于猪笼草效应的光滑液体注入多孔表面（SLIPS）、以及基于抗冻蛋白（AFP）模拟物的防冰表面。【结论/展望】阐述了这些仿生防冰策略的原理、性能特点及其在应用中的挑战，旨在为高效、环境友好的防冰材料设计提供理论参考和实践指导。

关键词: 防冰涂层, 仿生学, 超疏水表面, SLIPS, 抗冻蛋白模拟物

Abstract: ［Objective/Significance］As the challenges posed by the adhesion of snow and ice tomaterial surfaces became increasingly prominent，particularly in the energy sectors of photovoltaics and wind power，the demand for anti-icing surface hadgrown more urgent.［Analysis/Discussion/ Progress］Recent advances in research on bionic anti-icing surface research have been driven by theanti-icing mechanisms found in natural biological surfaces. This paper reviewed current anti-icingtechnologies，focusing on the mechanisms of ice formation，propagation，and inhibition. It highlighted three major biomimetic anti-icing strategies：superhydrophobic surfaces（SHS）inspired by the lotus leaf effect，smooth liquid-infused porous surfaces（SLIPS）inspired by Nepenthes pitcher plants，and anti-icing surfaces based on antifreeze protein（AFP）mimics.［Conclusion/Prospect］The principles， performance characteristics，and challenges of these strategies in practical applications were discussed， aiming to provide both theoretical insights and practical guidance for the design of efficient andenvironmentally friendly anti-icing materials.

Key words: anti-icing surfaces, bionics, superhydrophobic surfaces, SLIPS, antifreeze protein mimics

中图分类号: 

• TQ637. 2