摘要： 【目的/意义】超疏水涂层在自清洁、防冰、防腐等领域应用潜力巨大。喷涂法因其工艺简便、易于规模化，成为超疏水表面工程化应用的重要途径。然而，喷涂法制备的超疏水涂层中超疏水性依赖的微纳粗糙结构易因填料脱落或磨损而失效，耐久性差成为制约其广泛应用的核心瓶颈。【分析/评论/进展】系统综述了喷涂超疏水涂层的耐久性研究进展；从润湿性理论入手，阐述其疏水性失效的内在机制，并从微纳结构优化（如多级粗糙结构、自相似形貌）、填料树脂界面强化（如化学桥接、界面改性剂）、涂层动态修复（如可逆配位键、氢键）3个方面总结了提升策略。【结论/展望】目前，虽然喷涂超疏水涂层的研究与改性已取得一定进展，但工业化应用仍受复杂环境、环保、成本等因素制约，未来持续聚焦超疏水涂层长效耐候性、多功能协同增强及绿色规模化制备技术，可逐步推动其工业化应用。

关键词: 超疏水, 喷涂, 耐久性, 微纳结构

Abstract: ［Objective/Significance］ Superhydrophobic coatings have significant potential in applications such as self-cleaning，anti-icing，and corrosion protection. The spraying method hasbecome an important approach for the engineering application of superhydrophobic surfaces due to itssimple process and ease of scalability. However，the micro-nano rough structure essential for superhydrophobicity in spray-coated surfaces is prone to failure due to filler shedding or wear，making poor durability a core bottleneck restricting their widespread application.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］ This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the durability of spray-applied superhydrophobic coatings. Starting from the theory of wettability，it elucidates the inherent mechanism of hydrophobic failure and summarizes enhancement strategies from three aspects：micro-nano structure optimization（such as multi-level rough structure，self-similar morphology），filler-resin interface strengthening（such as chemical bridging，interface modifiers），and dynamic coating repair （such as reversible coordination bonds，hydrogen bonds）.［Conclusion/Prospect］Currently，althoughcertain progress has been made in the research and modification of spray-coated superhydrophobiccoatings，industrial application is still constrained by such as harsh service environments， environmental regulations，and cost. In the future，by continuously focusing on the long-term weather resistance，multi-functional synergistic enhancement，and green large-scale preparation technology of superhydrophobic coatings，we can gradually promote their industrial application. 

Key words: superhydrophobic, spraying, durability, micro-nano structures

中图分类号: 

• TQ637