摘要： 【目的】针对当前超疏水涂料制备过程中面临的环保和工艺瓶颈问题，亟需开发基于生物质原料、低复杂度且环境友好的替代技术。【方法】以过期牛奶为原料，引入不同色相的天然色素作为着色剂，利用氢氧化钠碱诱导实现蛋白质的复杂变性，并添加亚油酸促使长烷基链与巯基发生巯基 -烯点击化学反应，制得生物质多功能无氟超疏水涂料。【结果】制得的织物涂层的水接触角（ WCA）最高为 154. 7°且滚动角（ WSA）为 8°；紫外线防护系数（ UPF）由 37. 2显著提升至 4 770. 8，且长波紫外线（ UVA）的透射比由 5. 105%降至 0. 030%；-15 ℃低温环境涂层表面 10 μL液滴最多可延迟结冰 1 906 s；120 ℃高温循环处理、 .15 ℃低温制冷循环处理及不同化学环境中均保持动态超疏水特性，证明其可适配复杂多变的实际应用场景。【结论】本研究打破传统超疏水涂料的环保与工艺瓶颈，构建出兼具环境友好性、功能化与美学价值的新型绿色复合涂料，为废弃资源高值化利用提供了新路径。

关键词: 无氟, 超疏水, 多功能, 点击化学, 生物质

Abstract: ［Objective］ To address the environmental and process bottlenecks faced in thepreparation of current superhydrophobic coatings，there is an urgent need to develop alternativetechnologies based on biomass raw materials that are low in complexity and eco-friendly.［Methods］ In this study，expired milk was used as the raw material，and natural pigments of different hues wereintroduced as colorants. Complex protein denaturation was achieved through alkali induction usingsodium hydroxide，and linoleic acid was added to promote a thiol-ene click reaction between long alkylchains and thiol groups，thus multifunctional fluorine-free superhydrophobic biomass coatings were prepared.［Results］The results indicate that the treated fabric coatings exhibited a maximum water contact angle（WCA）of 154. 7° and a rolling angle（WSA）of 8°；the ultraviolet protection factor（UPF） was increased significantly from 37. 2 to 4 770. 8，and the transmittance of long-wave ultraviolet（UVA）was decreased from 5. 105% to 0. 030%. Under a low-temperature environment of -15 ℃， 10 μL droplet on the coating surface can be delayed from freezing for up to 1 906 s. The coatings stillmaintained dynamic superhydrophobic properties even after high-temperature cycling at 120 ℃，low-temperature refrigeration cycling at -15 ℃，and exposure to different chemical environments， demonstrating its adaptability to complex and variable practical applications.［Conclusion］This study not only breaks through the environmental protection and process bottlenecks of traditional superhydrophobic coatings，but also creats a new type of green composite coating that combines eco-friendliness，functionalization and aesthetic value，providing an innovative path for the high-value utilization of waste resources. 

Key words: fluorine-free, superhydrophobic, multifunctional, click chemistry, biomass

中图分类号: 

• TQ637