摘要： 【目的/意义】在某些极端环境下，碳纤维/环氧树脂基（CF/EP）复合材料表面亲水容易结冰，易引发安全问题并造成经济损失。因此，发展高效、低能耗的防/除冰技术已成为该领域的研究热点。【分析/评论/进展】系统综述了基于 CF/EP复合材料构筑超疏水表面的防覆冰技术和电热除冰技术。通过涂覆涂层法、硬模板压制法以及物理加工刻蚀法可以构筑超疏水 CF/EP复合材料表面，以减小水滴与表面之间的接触面积、降低界面传热、延迟冰核形成，并极大地降低冰与基体之间的机械互锁作用，从而使冰黏附强度大幅下降，实现冰层的易脱落。另外，通过在 CF/EP复合材料表面构筑导电涂层/镀层或在基体中引入导电网络，可以赋予 CF/EP复合材料焦耳发热能力以实现电热除冰。【结论/展望】未来应聚焦于结构-功能一体化智能系统开发、环境适应性评价体系建立、以及新兴技术（如相变材料、自修复材料）的交叉融合，以推动 CF/EP复合材料防除冰技术走向工程应用。

关键词: 碳纤维, 环氧树脂, 防覆冰, 除冰, 超疏水涂层, 电加热

Abstract: ［Objective/Significance］In certain extreme environments，the hydrophilic surface of carbon fiber/epoxy resin（CF/EP）composites is prone to icing，which can lead to safety hazards and economic losses. Consequently，developing efficient，low-energy anti-icing/de-icing technologies has become a research hotspot in this field.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］ This paper systematicallyreviews anti-icing technologies based on constructing superhydrophobic surfaces and electrothermalde-icing technologies for CF/EP composites. Superhydrophobic surfaces can be constructed on CF/EPcomposites through coating methods，hard template pressing，physical processing and etching. Thesemethods reduce the contact area between water droplets and the surface，decrease interfacial heat transfer，delay ice nucleation，and significantly diminish the mechanical interlocking between ice and the substrate. Consequently，ice adhesion is greatly reduced，enabling easy ice shedding. Additionally，by constructing conductive coatings/plating on the surface of CF/EP composites or introducingconductive networks into the substrate，CF/EP composites can be endowed with the ability to generateJoule heating for electrothermal de-icing.［Conclusion/Prospect］Future research should be focused on the development of structure-function integrated intelligent systems，the establishment of environmental adaptability evaluation systems，and the cross-integration of emerging technologies（such as phase change materials and self-healing materials），so as to promote the anti-icing/de-icingtechnology of CF/EP composites towards engineering applications.

Key words: carbon fiber, epoxy resin, anti-icing, de-icing, superhydrophobic coatings, electric heating

中图分类号: 

• TQ637. 2