摘要： 【目的/意义】开发高效阻燃技术是提升环氧树脂（EP）涂料安全性的关键。本文旨在系统综述多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷（POSS）基杂化阻燃剂（X@POSS）的设计策略、阻燃机制及研究进展。【分析/评论/进展】按 “X”组分差异，系统梳理了磷类@POSS、碳类@POSS、金属/金属氧化物@POSS、MOF@POSS及多元组合@POSS的构建策略、阻燃效能及其对 EP复合涂层热稳定性与力学性能的影响。X@POSS杂化阻燃剂可显著提升 EP涂层的极限氧指数（最高达 38. 2%）、UL-94等级（V-0级），并有效降低热释放速率（降幅达 78. 0%）和烟密度，同时，许多体系也能改善材料的热稳定性和力学性能。其阻燃机制主要源于气相自由基淬灭与凝聚相催化成炭、屏障保护的协同作用。【结论/展望】X@POSS是 EP涂料高性能化的有效途径。未来研究可聚焦于分子精准合成、环境友好性提升及产业化应用。

关键词: 环氧树脂, 涂料, POSS, 阻燃剂, 协同效应

Abstract: ［Objective/Significance］ Developing highly efficient flame-retardant technology iscrucial for enhancing the safety of epoxy resin（EP） coatings. This review aims to systematicallysummarize the design strategies，flame-retardant mechanisms，and research progress of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane（POSS）-based hybrid flame retardants（X@POSS）.［Analysis/Discussion/ Progress］ Based on the differences in the“X”components，the construction strategies，flame-retardant efficiency，and effects on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of EP compositescoatings are systematically reviewed for phosphorus-based@POSS，carbon-based@POSS，metal/metal oxide@POSS， MOF@POSS， and multi-component@POSS. X@POSS hybrid flame retardants significantly enhance the limiting oxygen index（up to 38.2%）and UL-94 rating（V-0 level）of EP coatings，while effectively reducing the heat release rate（by up to 78.0%） and smoke density. Moreover，many systems also improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the materials.The flame-retardant mechanism primarily stems from the synergistic effects of gas-phase radical quenching and condensed-phase catalytic char formation with barrier protection.［Conclusion/ Prospect］ X@POSS represents an effective pathway for the high-performance development of EP coatings. Future research should focus on precise molecular synthesis，enhanced environmental compatibility，and industrial application.

Key words: epoxy resin, coatings, POSS, flame retardant, synergistic effect

中图分类号: 

• TQ630. 4