摘要： 【目的 /意义】针对工程机械涂装绿色转型中水性涂料推广的认知争议与落地痛点，本文旨在厘清技术边界与实践误区，结合涂装系统理论中“五阶段、五要素、三层次”的管理框架，为行业达成 VOC减排目标、实现高质量绿色转型提供可落地的实践参考。【分析 /评论 /进展】当前水性涂料在挖掘机、装载机等主流机型渗透率已超 60%，通过树脂改性技术实现耐盐雾性、耐老化性突破， VOC排放较溶剂型体系降低 70%以上；水性涂料涂装正向自动化、智能化升级，恒温恒湿管控、 SCADA/MES系统应用推动工艺标准化与精细化管理水平显著提升，质量管控已从单一技术维度转向系统工程维度。但仍存在 3类核心问题：一是认知偏差，常将管理疏漏误判为技术缺陷；二是设备环境适配不足，存量产线改造滞后；三是全流程协同薄弱，设计、制造、储运、安调、使用全链条的隐性短板未受足够重视，出口产品的海运腐蚀防护缺位问题尤为突出。【结论 /展望】水性涂料仍是工程机械绿色涂装的核心方向，未来需依托纳米改性、 AI智能喷涂、低温固化等技术突破，深化全生命周期管理理念，强化研发、生产、采购、售后跨部门协同，推动“绿色 +科技”深度融合，破解极端工况应用瓶颈，最终实现全生命周期成本最优，助力中国工程机械在全球市场建立绿色竞争壁垒。

关键词: 水性涂料, 工程机械涂装, 智能化涂装, 全生命周期管理, 涂装系统理论, 五阶段, 五要素, 三层次

Abstract: ［Objective/Significance］Amid the green transition of China’s construction machinery industry，widespread cognitive controversies and practical implementation pain points have emerged inthe promotion of waterborne coatings for industrial coating applications. This paper aims to clarifytechnical boundaries，correct prevalent misunderstandings，and integrate the“five stages，five elements， three levels”management framework from coating system theory to provide actionable，evidence-based references for the industry to meet mandatory volatile organic compound（VOC）emission reduction targets and achieve high-quality sustainable development.［Analysis/Discussion/ Progress］ Waterborne coatings have now penetrated over 60% of mainstream construction machinery models， including excavators and loaders. Through resin modification technologies breakthroughs have beenachieved in salt-spray and weathering resistance，and VOC emissions have been reduced by more than 70% compared to conventional solvent-based systems. Waterborne coating applications are undergoingan upgrade toward automation and intelligent systems The implementation of constant temperature andhumidity control，together with SCADA/MES systems，are widely deployed to enhance process standardization and fine management，shifting quality assurance from a single technical dimension to asystemic engineering approach. Nevertheless，three core problems persist. First，cognitive biases remainrampant-quality defects caused by managerial oversights are frequently misattributed to inherentshortcomings of waterborne technology. Second，equipment and environmental adaptation lag significantly，particularly in retrofitting existing production lines to meet the strict temperature andhumidity requirements of waterborne coatings. Third，weak cross-process coordination across the entire life cycle-from design，manufacturing，storage and transport，to installation/commissioning，and field usage-is often neglected，with the lack of anti-corrosion measures for sea-freighted export products being anotably prominent gap.［Conclusion/Prospect］ Waterborne coatings remain the core direction forgreen coating in construction machinery. Future progress relies on technological innovations such asnano-modification，AI-enabled intelligent spraying，and low-temperature curing technologies. It is essential to deepen the life-cycle cost（LCC）management philosophy，strengthen cross-departmental collaboration among R & D，production，procurement，and after-sales service，and promote the deep integration of“green principles and smart technologies”to overcome application bottlenecks in extreme working conditions. Ultimately，this will achieve optimal total life-cycle costs and help China’s construction machinery manufacturers build lasting competitive advantages in the global market.

Key words: waterborne coatings, construction machinery coating application, intelligent coating application, whole-life cycle management, coating system theory, five stages, five elements, three levels

中图分类号: 

• TQ639