摘要： 【目的 /意义】传统聚氨酯涂层的不可逆损伤常导致重大工业腐蚀失效。通过分子层面的化学结构设计引入动态共价键与超分子相互作用，赋予涂层仿生自修复功能，是解决这一难题的关键。【分析 /评论 /进展】本文系统综述了自修复聚氨酯涂料的化学结构设计策略，重点阐述了基于二硫键、 Diels-Alder键等动态共价键的分子设计及其对涂层力学与修复性能的调控；基于多重氢键、金属配位键及主客体相互作用的超分子设计；以及双重、多重动态网络的协同设计原理，以解决“强度 -修复”之间的矛盾。进一步剖析了该类材料在防腐、超疏水、抗菌及防污等典型应用场景中的构效关系。【结论 /展望】未来，发展快速响应、绿色环保型动态聚氨酯体系，可为高性能、长寿命防护涂层的制备提供一种有效途径。

关键词: 聚氨酯涂料, 自修复, 动态共价键, 超分子作用, 化学结构设计

Abstract: ［Objective/Significance］The irreversible damage of traditional polyurethane coatingsis a primary cause of significant industrial corrosion failures. Introducing dynamic covalent bonds andsupramolecular interactions through molecular-level chemical structure design to endow coatings withbiomimetic self-healing functions is key to addressing this challenge.［Analysis/Review/Progress］ This paper systematically reviews the chemical structure design strategies of self-healing polyurethanecoatings，focusing on molecular designs based on dynamic covalent bonds such as disulfide bonds andDiels-Alder bonds and their regulation of mechanical and repair properties of coatings；supramolecular designs based on multiple hydrogen bonds，metal coordination bonds and host-guest interactions；as well as the synergistic design principles of dual and multiple dynamic networks to resolve the contradiction between strength and repair. The structure-performance relationships of these materials in typical application scenarios such as corrosion resistance，superhydrophobicity，antibacterial， antifouling properties are further analyzed.［Conclusion/Prospect］ Future development of fast-response and environment-friendly dynamic polyurethane systems can offer an effective route towardthe preparation of high-performance，long-lasting protective coatings. 

Key words: polyurethane coatings, self-healing, dynamic covalent bond, supramolecular interaction, chemical structure design

中图分类号: 

• TQ637