摘要： 【目的】针对传统防腐涂层在苛刻环境下易损伤失效的问题，设计了一种兼具损伤可视化自预警与自修复功能的防腐涂层。【方法】通过溶剂蒸发法制备乙基纤维素核壳微胶囊，包封预警剂荧光素钠与修复剂亚麻籽油。将微胶囊与环氧树脂复合，制得损伤自预警自修复防腐涂层。当涂层受到机械损伤时，微胶囊外壳因应力集中发生破裂，基于聚集诱导荧光淬灭效应，释放的荧光素钠在潮湿环境中因浓度降低发出黄绿色荧光预警损伤。同步释放的亚麻籽油经氧化交联形成致密填充层实现损伤修复。【结果】通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察到微胶囊具有明显的核壳结构，能够有效包封荧光素钠和亚麻籽油。荧光光谱测试表明，复合涂层破损区域荧光强度较完整区域提高约 60%。涂层划伤测试显示，宽度约 14 μm的划痕 1h后成功闭合。电化学阻抗谱显示，复合涂层在 3. 5%NaCl溶液中浸泡 75 d后，低频阻抗模值（ |Z|_f=0. 01 Hz）仍能达到 3. 15×10⁹ Ω·cm²，表明所制备涂层具有长效防腐性能。【结论】研究构建了“损伤感知 -可视化预警 -原位修复”一体化防腐涂层，在船舶、桥梁、海洋平台等苛刻服役环境下的金属装备防腐与服役状态监测方面具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 防腐涂层, 自预警, 自修复, 微胶囊

Abstract: ［Objective］ The traditional anticorrosive coatings are prone to damage and failureunder harsh environments. To address this issue，a dual-functional anticorrosive coating integrating damage-visualized self-warning and self-repairing capabilities was designed.［Methods］ Ethyl cellulose core-shell microcapsules encapsulating the warning agent（fluorescein sodium）and repairing agent（linseed oil）were successfully prepared via the solvent evaporation method. These microcapsuleswere then incorporated into epoxy resin to create a composite coating with autonomous damage warningand repairing functions. When subjected to mechanical damage，the embedded microcapsule shells rupture under the effect of stress concentration. Based on the aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching effect，the released fluorescein sodium emits yellow-green fluorescence in the damaged areas due to the decrease in concentration in the humid environment. Simultaneously，a dense repair layer is formed at the scratch through oxidative crosslinking of the released linseed oil.［Results］SEM characterization confirmed the distinct core-shell structures in the microcapsules，ensuring theencapsulation of functional agents. Fluorescence spectroscopy results revealed a 60% intensity increasein damaged regions compared to intact zones. Scratch tests demonstrated that a 14 μm-wide scratch inthe composite coating could be completely closed within 1 hour. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） showed that the composite coating maintained an impedance modulus of 
3. 15×10⁹Ω ·cm² after 75 days' immersion in 3. 5%NaCl solution，confirming long-term corrosion resistance.［Conclusion］ This research establishes an integrated anti-corrosion coating featuring “damage sensing，visual warning，and in-situ repair”. This coating demonstrates significant potentialfor practical deployment in corrosion protection for metal equipment and real-time health monitoringunder demanding service environments such as ships，bridges，and offshore platforms. 

Key words: anticorrosive coating, self-warning, self-healing, microcapsules

中图分类号: 

• TQ635. 1