摘要： 【目的】聚氨酯涂层在海洋工程防护领域具有广泛应用前景，但在使用过程中易发生破损且难以人为修复，针对聚氨酯涂层在海洋工程防护中易破损且难以人为修复的问题，制备兼具自修复、防腐和抗菌功能的聚氨酯涂层。【方法】将动态二硫键引入聚氨酯主链，采用一锅法合成具有本征自修复性能的聚氨酯（ PU）涂层，并添加天然抗菌剂辣椒素（ CAP）制得自修复抗菌聚氨酯（ CAP-PU）涂层；系统研究了 PU涂层和 CAP-PU涂层的微观结构、热稳定性、力学性能、自修复效率、防腐性及抗菌性。【结果】 PU涂层具有致密的截面结构， CAP在 PU涂层中分散良好，对热稳定性无明显影响； PU涂层水接触角为 98. 20°，CAP-PU涂层的提高至 110. 40°；PU和 CAP-PU涂层低频阻抗模值 |Z|_{0. 01 Hz}达 10⁹~10¹⁰Ω·cm2，表现出优异的防腐性； PU涂层拉伸强度约为 18 MPa，断裂伸长率约 1 000%，自修复效率达 78. 3%，添加 1%CAP后涂层自修复效率仍达 84. 3%；PU涂层的抑菌率仅 7. 8%，而 1%-CAP-PU涂层的抑菌率可达 90%以上。【结论】制备的 CAP-PU涂层兼具自修复、防腐和抗菌三重功能，在海洋智能防污领域具有良好的应用潜力。

关键词: 自修复, 聚氨酯, 辣椒素, 抗菌, 防腐

Abstract: ［Objective］ Polyurethane coatings are promising candidates for marine protective applications. However，they are prone to mechanical damage which is difficult to repair manually.［Methods］In this work，we introduced dynamic disulfide bonds into the polyurethane backbone tosynthesize a self-healing polyurethane（PU） via a one-pot method. The natural antibacterial agent capsaicin（CAP） was then incorporated into the matrix to endow the composite with antibacterial functionality. The microstructure，thermal stability，mechanical properties，self-healing efficiency， anticorrosion performance，and antibacterial activity of PU and CAP-PU were systematically evaluated.［Results］The pristine PU exhibited a dense cross-sectional structure. CAP was uniformly dispersed inthe PU matrix without significantly affecting its thermal stability. The water contact angle of PU was 98. 20°，while that of CAP-PU was increased up to 110. 40°. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）results revealed that the low-frequency impedance modulus |Z|_{0. 01 Hz} of the coatings reached up to 10⁹-10¹⁰ Ω ·cm2，indicating their excellent long-term anticorrosion performance. The pristine PUexhibited a tensile strength of approximately 18 MPa and an elongation at break of approximately1 000%，with a self-healing efficiency of 78. 3%. For the 1wt% CAP-PU coating，the self-healing efficiency remained at 84. 3%. Antibacterial tests demonstrated that the pure PU only showed an inhibition rate of 7. 8%，whereas the 1wt% CAP-PU achieved an inhibition rate of over 90%.［Conclusion］The prepared CAP-PU coatings integrate self-healing，anticorrosion，and antibacterial properties，showing great potential for smart marine antifouling and protective coatings.

Key words: self-healing, polyurethane, capsaicin, antibacterial, anticorrosion

中图分类号: 

• TQ637. 3