摘要： 以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯和丙烯酸为共聚单体,结合复合含磷阻燃剂,采用乳液聚合法制备了非挥发分含量为50%的阻燃型聚丙烯酸酯乳液。考察了阻燃剂用量对乳胶粒粒径及分布、乳液黏度和稳定性以及聚合物阻燃性能的影响,通过透射电子显微镜、热重分析和氧指数测试,对聚合物(粒子)的结构和性能进行了表征。在9 000 r/min下离心15 min,所有乳液样品无沉降或破乳现象,表明聚合物乳液具有很好的贮存稳定性。将合成的聚合物乳液作为地毯背衬胶,测试了涂敷该阻燃聚合物乳液的地毯样品的阻燃性。结果表明:随着阻燃剂用量的增大,聚合乳液黏度降低,但乳胶粒粒径变化不大,聚合物和经乳液涂敷的地毯样品的热稳定性提高且LOI值均增大;当阻燃剂占总单体质量的60%时,聚合物和经涂敷地毯的LOI值分别为31.0%和27.8%,较未阻燃改性的样品分别提高了65%和40%。

关键词: 磷酸酯, 丙烯酸酯, 阻燃, 地毯背衬胶, 乳液聚合

Abstract: The flame retardant polyacrylate emulsion with 50. 0% solid was prepared by emulsion polymerization using methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate and acrylic acid as comoromers and composite phosphates as flame retardant. The effects of the flame retardant content on the particle size and its distribution, viscosity and stability of the prepared emulsion as well as the flame retardancy of the polymer were studied. The structure and performance of the emulsion and latex particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen index (LOD). In the stability test, no settlement or de-emulsification took place during 15 minutes of the 9 000 r/min centrifugatio for all the emulsion samples, which indicated that the prepared emulsion was stable In addition, the prepared polyacrylate emulsions were used as the carpet backing adhesive and the flame retardancy of the coated carpet was tested. The results showed that with increasing the flame retardant content, the emulsion viscosity decreased gradually but the particle size changed a little, and both the thermostability 935kyand LOI of the polymer and coated carpet increased. When the mass ratio of flame retardant to monomer reached 0.6, the LOIs of the polymer and coated carpet were 31. 0% and 27.8% respectively, which were increased by 65% and 40% over that of the non-modified samples.

Key words: phosphate, acrylate, flame retardancy, carpet backing adhesive, emulsion polymerization