摘要： 【目的/意义】随着风电向大型化和复杂严苛服役环境发展，叶片表面侵蚀加剧，严重威胁叶片气动性能、结构安全与经济性。【分析 /评论 /进展】本文系统综述了风电叶片大面及前缘防护的技术现状与发展趋势。当前叶片防护技术主要面临三方面问题：水性涂层虽逐步替代溶剂型体系，但在不同复杂环境下的耐久性仍缺乏充分验证；模内涂装与自动辊涂设备尚不成熟，涂装质量一致性难以保证；前缘保护材料的现场服役寿命远低于实验室评估，维修成本高。【结论 /展望】未来防护技术需重点突破五方面：研发高性能多功能集成涂层体系；发展自适应柔性辊涂与智能化闭环装备；推进高性能模内胶衣与在线检测技术融合；研发超强耐雨蚀、性能均一稳定且施工兼容性优异的新一代前缘防护材料，并同步建立高精度的前缘防护寿命预测模型；开发风场用高效率专用维修材料。通过全链条协同创新，构建叶片全生命周期主动防护方案。

关键词: 风电叶片, 侵蚀, 表面防护, 前缘防护

Abstract: [Objective/Significance] As wind power evolves toward larger-scale turbines and increasingly complex and harsh service environments, blade surface erosion intensifies, severely threatening blade aerodynamic performance, structural safety, and economic viability. [Analysis/Discussion/Progress] This paper systematically reviews the current state and developmenttrends of blade surface and leading-edge protection technologies for wind turbine blades. Currently,blade protection technologies face three major challenges. First, although waterborne coatings aregradually replacing solvent-based coating systems, their long-term durability under various complexenvironments still lacks sufficient validation. Second, in-mold coating and automatic roller coatingequipment are still immature, making it difficult to ensure consistent coating quality. Third, the in-service lifetime of leading-edge protection materials is far shorter than laboratory evaluations, resulting inhigh maintenance costs. [Conclusion/Prospect] Future efforts should focus on five key areas. First, develop high-performance multifunctional integrated coating systems. Second, advance adaptive flexible roller coating equipment and intelligent closed-loop control systems. Third, promote the integration of high-performance in-moldgelcoatswithonlineinspectiontechnologies.Fourth,developnext-generation leading-edge protection materials that offer superior rain erosion resistance, uniform andreliable performance, and excellent compatibility with application processes. At the same time,establish high-precision lifetime prediction models for leading-edge protection. Fifth, develop efficientmaintenance materials specifically designed for wind farm applications. Through coordinated innovation across the entire chain,a full-lifecycle proactive protection solution forbladescan be established.

Key words: wind turbine blade, erosion, surface protection, leading edge protection

中图分类号: 

• TQ635