摘要： 【目的/意义】结冰现象往往会对户外设施的性能和安全造成损害，构建高效防冰涂层正受到科研界和工业界的广泛关注。耐寒生物经过自然演化和选择形成了多样化的防冰策略，为开发高效仿生防冰涂层提供了新思路。【分析/评论/进展】首先综述了耐寒生物防冰策略的研究现状，重点阐述了企鹅羽毛、北极熊毛发以及抗冻蛋白（AFP）的防冰机理。其次，以企鹅羽毛多级微纳结构仿生、北极熊疏水皮脂分子仿生以及抗冻蛋白仿生为代表性案例，探讨并介绍了仿生防冰涂层的研究进展。进一步，基于“仿皮肤材料”的理念，着重总结了自愈合防冰涂层的最新研究动态。【结论/展望】耐寒生物防冰策略的仿生研究属于新兴前沿方向，利用抗冻蛋白等生物防冰分子构建高效防冰涂层具有广阔前景。未来需进一步完善耐寒生物防冰理论，强化仿生设计在防冰涂层中的应用，并借助合成生物学等技术，对生物防冰分子进行改造与合成，以推动仿生防冰涂层的产业化进程。

关键词: 防冰涂层, 自愈合, 抗冻蛋白, 耐寒生物, 仿生表面

Abstract: ［Objective/Significance］Ice accretion often compromises the performance and safetyof outdoor facilities，making the development of highly efficient anti-icing coatings becomes a topic ofwidespread interest in both scientific and industrial communities. Cold-tolerant organisms，through natural evolution and selection，have developed diverse anti-icing strategies，providing a novel approach for developing highly efficient bio-inspired anti-icing coatings.［Analysis/Discussion/ Progress］This review begins by summarizing recent research on anti-icing strategies in cold-tolerant organisms，with a focus on the mechanisms underlying the ice resistance of penguin feathers，polar bear fur，and antifreeze proteins（AFPs）. Subsequently，representative cases of bio-inspired anti-icingcoating are introduced and discussed. Furthermore，based on the concept of“skin-like materials”，recent advances in self-healing anti-icing coating are highlighted.［Conclusion/Prospect］ The biomimetic study of anti-icing strategies from cold-tolerant organisms is an emerging frontier. Utilizinganti-icing biomolecules（e. g.，antifreeze proteins）offers a highly promising approach for constructinghighly efficient anti-icing coating. Future efforts should focus on enriching the underlying theory，better integrating biomimetic designs，and leveraging synthetic biology to create advanced anti-icing biomolecules，thus expediting the commercialization of bio-inspired anti-icing coating. 

Key words: anti-icing coating, self-healing, antifreeze proteins, cold-resistant organisms, biomimetic surfaces

中图分类号: 

• TQ637. 2