摘要： 高寒地区的水利大坝等水工混凝土建筑物在结冰期间易出现建筑外层与覆冰层发生抗冰拔破坏的现象，降低了建筑物的耐久性和服役寿命。通过防护涂料中端羟基硅油（ PDMS）掺杂不同含量正硅酸乙酯（ TEOS）后对水泥基抗冰拔防护性能影响的试验，以及不同浓度梯度的异丙醇（IPA）掺量对涂料渗透性和耐腐蚀性影响的试验，研发出一种以 TEOS、PDMS、IPA和乙醇（EtOH）为主要成分，用于高寒地区水利大坝迎水面的浸渍型防护涂料，并与其他品种涂料进行抗冰拔能力对比试验。结果表明：涂料的抗冰拔性能随 TEOS用量的增加先增高后降低， TEOS在涂料中质量分数为 21%时效果最好；添加 18%（质量分数）的 IPA可有效减少涂料在使用过程中被污染而导致使用寿命缩短的现象；所研发的防护涂料在与同类型涂料进行抗冰拔与水接触角对比试验中取得了较为良好的效果，接触角为 121. 5°；提出的检测水泥基与冰层之间冰拔力的试验方法，可以作为检验水泥基涂料抗冰拔能力的一种途径。

关键词: 水工混凝土, 浸渍型防护涂料, 抗冰拔, 正硅酸乙酯, 异丙醇

Abstract: It was easy for hydraulic concrete buildings such as hydraulic DAMS in high-altitude/latitude and cold region to have the phenomenon of uplift failure between the outerlayer of the building and the ice cover during freezing，which reduced the durability and service life of the buildings. The effects of different contents of ethyl orthosilicate（TEOS）mixed with hydroxysilicone oil（PDMS）in cement based protective coatings on the ice pulling resistance were tested，and the effects of different concentration gradient of isopropyl alcohol（IPA）in solvents on the permeability and corrosion resistance of coatings were tested.One kind of impregnated protective coatings with TEOS，PDMS，IPA and ethanol（EtOH） as the main ingredients was developed to act on the water facing surface of water conservancy DAMS in high-altitude/latitude and cold region，and the ice pulling resistance was compared with other varieties of coatings. The results showed that the ice pullingresistance of the coatings increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of TEOSdosage，and the best effect was achieved when TEOS mass fraction was about 21%. Addingabout 18% IPA could effectively reduce the pollution phenomenon during the coatings use， which would lead to shortened service life of the coatings. Compared with coatings of thesame type，the developed protective coatings achieved a good effect in the water contact angle comparison test and ice pulling resistance test. The water contact angle of developedprotective coatings was 121. 5°. The proposed test method for detecting the ice pulling forcebetween the cement base and the ice sheet could be used as a way to test the ice pullingresistance of the cement base coatings.

Key words: hydraulic concrete, inpregnated protective coatings, ice pulling resistance, ethyl orthosilicate, isopropyl alcohol

中图分类号: 

• TQ635. 55