摘要： 根据欧盟颁布的涂料中禁止添加季铵盐的草案,控制季铵盐类化合物的使用势在必行.文中介绍了季铵盐的物理化学性质、主要应用以及危害,并综述了化学分析法、气相色谱法、液相色谱法等季铵盐检测分析方法.针对涂料有机无机成分复杂等特点,涂料中季铵盐的提取、净化等前处理是该检测方法的重点研究内容.提出使用超声萃取、液相-液相萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取等分离提纯季铵盐的方法,并对比这几种检测方法的优劣。

关键词: 涂料, 季铵盐, 检测技术

Abstract: The EU has promulgated a draft that quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are prohibited in paint and coatings. So it is very important to seek a way to control the use of QACs. In this paper, the harm, classification, structure and physicochemical properties of QACs have been briefly introduced. Analytical methods including chemical analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are summarized. Due to the complex inorganic and/or organic components in coatings, the pretreatment including extraction and purification of QACs in coatings is important process. Meanwhile, QACs extraction methods such as ultrasonic extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction are introduced and compared, which might be used individually or synergically.

Key words: coatings, quaternary ammonium, analysis technology