Abstract: ［Objective/Significance］As the core technology of radar-absorbing materials（RAM）radar-absorbing coatings hold significant strategic value from reducing the radar cross-section（RCS）of military equipment such as aircraft and naval vessels，thereby achieving effective radar-absorbing.This is of great strategic importance for enhancing the survivability and penetration capability ofdefense equipment. This review aims to systematically outline the design principles，material systems， and developmental challenges in this field，thereby providing a clear roadmap for future technological advancements.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］ Current research progress on wave-absorbing coatings is primarily reflected in two key aspects. In terms of design mechanisms，reliance is placed on three core principles：impedance matching，loss mechanisms，and phase cancellation，to maximize the conversion and dissipation of electromagnetic wave energy. Regarding material innovations，lightweight carbon-based materials（such as graphene and carbon nanotubes）have become a research hotspot due to their superior conductive loss capabilities. Meanwhile，multi-component composite materials， through ingenious heterogeneous interface design，synergistically optimize polarization and conductive losses， significantly enhancing the coating's performance in high-frequency bands.［Conclusion/Prospect］Future radar-absorbing coating technology faces multiple challenges. There is an urgent need to balance wide bandwidth，high-temperature resistance，and strong mechanical properties， while also addressing critical bottlenecks such as multi-spectral compatibility（radar/infrared/visible light），efficient dispersion of nanofillers，and environmental friendliness. Looking ahead，artificial intelligence-assisted design and cutting-edge metamaterial technologies areexpected to revolutionize the traditional trial-and-error research and development paradigm. They arepoised to lead the next generation of technological innovation in radar-absorbing coatings.

Key words: radar-absorbing coatings, radar-absorbing materials, radar cross-section, impedance

摘要： 【目的 /意义】吸波涂层作为雷达吸波材料（RAM）的核心技术，其核心价值在于通过显著降低飞机、舰船等军事装备的雷达散射截面（ RCS），从而实现有效的雷达吸收，对提升国防装备的生存与突防能力具有重大战略意义。本文旨在系统梳理该涂层的设计原理、材料体系与发展挑战，为未来技术发展提供研发思路。【分析 /评论 /进展】当前吸波涂层的研究进展主要体现在两大方面：在设计机制上，主要依赖阻抗匹配、损耗机制与相位对消三大核心原理来最大化电磁波能量转化与消除。在材料创新上，轻质碳基材料（如石墨烯、碳纳米管）因其优异的导电损耗能力成为研究热点；而多元复合材料则通过精巧的异质界面设计，协同优化极化损耗与导电损耗，显著提升了涂层在高频段的响应性能。【结论 /展望】未来吸波涂层技术面临多重挑战，亟需在宽频带、耐高温与强力学性能之间取得平衡，并解决雷达、红外与可见光多频谱兼容吸收、纳米填料的高效分散以及环境友好性等关键瓶颈。展望未来，人工智能辅助设计与前沿超材料技术将有望颠覆传统试错研发模式，引领下一代吸波涂层的技术革新。

关键词: 吸波涂层, 雷达吸波材料, 雷达截面, 阻抗匹配, 磁性, 导电, 复合材料

CLC Number: 

• TQ637. 7