摘要： 【目的/意义】随着对基础设施及移动装备服役韧性要求的提升，交通、电力、航空等领域对防覆冰技术的需求愈加迫切。【分析/评论/进展】近年来，利用相变材料（PCMs）储能释热的被动防覆冰策略备受关注。本文对有机、无机及复合 PCMs在防覆冰领域的研究进展进行了综述，首先介绍了相变防覆冰技术的发展历程和作用机理，随后分别讨论了有机 PCMs、无机 PCMs及复合 PCMs的材料设计和代表性制备方法，重点分析了上述材料在防覆冰/除冰中的关键性能要求及其影响因素。【结论/展望】PCMs防覆冰涂层能够降低结冰风险、延长结冰延迟时间并减小冰附着强度。可通过智能响应复合体系、低温适配型 PCMs设计、导热网络构筑、界面减黏设计以及与光热/电热技术协同防覆冰等策略，拓宽 PCMs防覆冰涂层的工作温度范围并强化其防覆冰/除冰效果，推动其在交通运输、新能源发电及寒区基础设施中的应用。

关键词: 相变材料, 防覆冰, 涂层, 潜热储能, 复合材料

Abstract: ［Objective/Significance］As the requirements for service resilience of infrastructureand mobile equipment continue to increase，there is a growing and urgent demand for anti-icingtechnologies in fields such as transportation，electric power，and aviation.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］ In recent years，passive anti-icing strategies based on the thermal energy storage and release of phasechange materials（PCMs）have attracted increasing attention. This paper reviews the research progress of organic，inorganic，and composite PCMs in the field of anti-icing. First，the development history and working mechanisms of phase-change anti-icing technologies are introduced. Subsequently，the material design and representative preparation methods of organic PCMs，inorganic PCMs，and composite PCMs are discussed separately，with emphasis placed on the key performance requirementsand their influencing factors for the above-mentioned materials in anti-icing/de-icing applications.［Conclusion/Prospect］ PCM-based anti-icing coatings can reduce icing risk，prolong icing delay time，and lower ice adhesion strength. Strategies including smart-responsive composite systems，low-temperature-adapted PCM design，thermally conductive networks construction，interfacial adhesion-reduction design，and synergistic anti-icing with photothermal/electrothermal technologies can broadenthe operating temperature range of PCM-based anti-icing coatings and improve their anti-icing/de-icing performance，thereby promoting their application in transportation，renewable energy generation， and cold-region infrastructure.

Key words: phase change materials, anti-icing, coating, latent heat storage, composite materials

中图分类号: 

• TQ637. 2