摘要： 综述了用于防治海洋生物污损的天然产物防污剂的研究进展，包括从陆生植物和海洋生物中提取的天然产物防污剂。重点论述了吲哚类、酚类和联苯醚类等 10类天然产物防污剂的研究现状。总结得出：吡咯类、吡啶类和酰胺类大多数是通过毒性机制发挥防污作用的。与商用防污剂相比，二萜和三萜类中的一些化合物非常有潜力成为环保型防污剂， LC₅₀/EC₅₀值高达 1 200，但人工合成难度大。考虑到人工合成难度和 LC₅₀/EC₅₀值，呋喃类化合物成为首选，吲哚类和酯类化合物成为次选。最后，指出了天然产物防污剂存在的问题和未来的发展方向。

关键词: 天然产物, 防污剂, 防污活性, 研究进展, 人工合成

Abstract: In this paper，the research progress on natural product antifouling agents whichwere extracted from terrestrial plants and marine organisms for the prevention and control ofmarine biofouling was reviewed. The research status of 10 types of natural product antifoulingagents，such as indoles，phenols and diphenyl ethers，was highlighted. It could be found that most of the pyrroles，pyridines and amides exerted the antifouling effects through a toxicmechanism. Compared with commercial antifouling agents，some compounds in diterpenoidsand triterpenoids were promising environmentally friendly antifouling agents with LC50/EC50 values as high as 1200，but were difficult to be synthesized. Considering the difficulty of artificial synthesis and LC50/EC50 values，furans became the first choice，and indoles and esters were the second choice. Finally，the problems and future development direction of naturalproduct antifouling agents were pointed out.

Key words: natural product, antifouling agent, antifouling activity, research progress, artificial synthesis

中图分类号: 

• TQ637. 3