摘要： 含防污剂的防污涂层技术是目前解决海洋污损问题最常用的手段，然而即使是防污性能优异的自抛光防污涂料也普遍存在防污剂毒性危害和释放不稳定的问题，要兼顾环保和长效防污，除了提升防污剂本身的防污能力外，另一个关键因素是控制防污剂的释放。本文介绍了含防污剂的防污涂料类型与作用机理，综述了海洋防污剂控释技术的研究进展，主要包括微 /纳米容器控释技术和接枝防污剂控释技术。最后指出了海洋防污控释技术实用化还需解决控释工艺复杂以及防污剂负载或接枝后防污能力不足的问题，提出了发展海洋防污剂的控释技术可以从开发高效的且能够满足负载或接枝要求的防污剂，开发简单可行的控释技术，研究防污剂的控释机理以及发展智能控释技术等方向努力。

关键词: 海洋防污剂, 控释技术, 微/纳米容器, 接枝防污剂

Abstract: Using antifouling coatings containing antifoulants was currently the mostwidely used strategy to combat biofouling，but even the self-polishing copolymer-basedcoatings with excellent antifouling ability also existed the problem of toxic hazard and unstablerelease of antifoulants. To balance the environmental protection and the long-term antifoulingperformance，in addition to improving the antifouling ability of antifoulant，the key factor was to control the release of antifoulant. In this paper，the types and mechanism of antifoulingcoatings containing antifoulants were introduced and the research progress of controlledrelease technology of marine antifouling agents was reviewed，including the controlled releasetechnology of inorganic/organic micro-/nanocontainers and polymers with grafted antifoulants.Finally，it was pointed out that such problems as complicated process and reduced antifouling capacity due to loading or grafting modification should be solved in the application ofcontrolled release technology. Moreover，the future development of controlled releasetechnology of marine antifoulants could be made from the following directions，including thedevelopment of efficient antifouling agents that can meet the requirements of loading orgrafting modification，the development of simple controlled release technology，the study ofcontrolled release mechanism of antifoulants and the development of intelligent controlledrelease technology.

Key words: marine antifoulants, controlled release technology, micro-/nanocontainer, polymers with grafted antifoulants

中图分类号: 

• TQ637. 3