Abstract: ［Objective/Significance］Anti-waxing coating，as a key technology for inhibiting wax deposition，have garnered significant attention in both mechanistic research and engineering applications.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］ This paper briefly introduced classical and emerging wax deposition mechanisms，reviewed advancements in anti-waxing coating technologies，and systematically analyzed their technical characteristics. Low-surface-energy coating inhibited wax adhesion by reducing interfacial energy， but their mechanical durability was insufficient. Superhydrophilic coating formed a physical barrier through a dynamic water film，but their performancewas susceptible to fluctuations in crude oil water content. Bionic superamphiphobic coating integratedmicro-nano hierarchical structures with low surface energy properties，combining both anti-deposition capabilities and multifunctional advantages. However，current technologies still faced bottlenecks such as weak long-term protective stability，poor adaptability to complex operating conditions，and high preparation costs.［Conclusion/Prospect］Future research should focus on developing smart coating materials with self-healing properties，optimizing surface microstructure design and environmental response mechanisms，while exploring low-cost manufacturing processes. Technological breakthroughs in these areas will promote the engineering application of anti-wax coating in oil and gas transportation，providing innovative solutions for pipeline flow assurance.

Key words: wax deposition mechanisms, oil pipelines, anti-waxing, bionic superamphiphobic coating

摘要： 【目的 /意义】防蜡涂层是抑制蜡沉积的关键技术之一，其机理研究与工程应用备受关注。【分析 /评论/进展】简单介绍了经典和新兴蜡沉积机制，综述了防蜡涂层技术进展，系统分析了防蜡涂层的技术特征。低表面能涂层通过降低界面能抑制蜡黏附，但机械耐久性不足；超亲水涂层借助动态水膜形成物理屏障，其性能易受原油含水率波动影响；仿生超双疏涂层融合微纳分级结构与低表面能特性，兼具抗沉积与多功能优势。然而，现有技术仍存在长效防护稳定性弱、复杂工况适应性差及制备成本高等瓶颈。【结论 /展望】未来研究应聚焦于开发具有自修复特性的智能涂层材料，优化表面微结构设计与环境响应机制，同时探索低成本制造工艺。技术突破将推动防蜡涂层在油气输送领域的工程化应用，为管道流动安全保障提供创新解决方案。

关键词: 结蜡机理, 输油管道, 防蜡, 仿生超双疏涂层

CLC Number: 

• TQ637