摘要： 在已有的溶剂挥发速率测定装置中,测定了22种纯溶剂在船用低碳钢上的相对挥发速率。采用由单相传质速率方程和能量守恒原理建立的溶剂挥发模型,结合多种气相传质系数方程对实验测得的挥发时间 t₉₀进行了关联和参数拟合。结果表明:由双膜理论给出的传质系数方程具有较好的综合效果,关联的平均相对误差为11.4%,与溶剂在滤纸和铝材上挥发的关联误差相当。所建立的模型能很好地计算各种温度下溶剂在低碳钢上的挥发曲线及底材温度变化曲线。

关键词: 挥发速率, 挥发模型, 溶剂, 船用低碳钢

Abstract: Evaporation rate of 22 pure solvents were measured on the surface of low-carbon steel for ship,using the existing experimental apparatus established before. The experimental data of 90% evaporation time t₉₀ of the pure solvents were correlated by using several gas mass transter equations, combining with the solvent evaporation model, which was established on the basis of single-phase mass transfer rate equation and law of energy conservation. The correlation results showed that the gas mass transfer equation hased on double-film theory gave the best result with the average relative error 11. 4%, closing to that on the filter paper and on the aluminum sheet. The evaporation model established could be used to predict evaporation curve and temperature curve of pure solvents on the low-carbon steel for ship at any temperature.

Key words: evaporation rate, evaporation model, solvent, low-carbon steel for ship