摘要： 【目的】设计并合成 N-烷基化吲哚衍生物（ NAID），考察其对污损生物的抑制活性。【方法】采用 N-烷基化反应在吲哚的氨基位引入不同长度的碳链；通过红外光谱仪和核磁共振波谱仪表征目标化合物的结构；评价目标化合物对小舟形藻、贻贝足丝及藤壶幼虫的抑制活性；运用分子对接技术探讨吲哚氨基位烷基化与乙酰胆碱酯酶（ AChE）的相互作用机制；【结果】生物活性测试结果表明， N-烷基化显著提高了吲哚衍生物的抑制活性。当碳链长度为 6时化合物 NAID. e的活性最好，其抑制小舟形藻附着活性 EC₅₀为 0. 8 μg/mL，藤壶幼虫半致死质量浓度（ LC₅₀）为 1. 3 μg/mL，质量浓度为 10 μg/mL时贻贝足丝附着抑制率为 77%。分子对接研究表明， NAID. e可与 AChE活性中心的 PHE331和 TYR334残基形成双重 π-烷基相互作用。【结论】本研究成功合成了一类具有显著污损生物抑制活性的吲哚衍生物，为新型防污剂的研发提供了候选化合物。

关键词: N-烷基化, 吲哚衍生物, 防污性能, 乙酰胆碱酯酶, 污损生物, 抑制活性

Abstract: ［Objective］ A series of N-alkylated indole derivatives（NAID） were designed and synthesized，and their antifouling activity against fouling organisms was evaluated.［Methods］Different carbon chain lengths were introduced at the amino position of indole via N-alkylation reaction. The structures of target compounds were confirmed by IR and ¹H NMR. Their antifouling activity was assessed against the Navicula minima，mussel byssus and barnacle larvae. Molecular docking wasemployed to explore the interaction mechanism between alkylated indole and acetylcholinesterase.［Results］ Bioassay results demonstrated that N-alkylation significantly enhanced the antifouling activity of the indole derivatives. NAID. e，containing a 6-carbon chain，showed optimal performance， with an EC₅₀ of 0. 8 μg/mL against diatom attachment，an LC₅₀ of 1. 3 μg/mL against barnacle larvae， and 77% inhibition of mussel byssus attachment at 10 μg/mL. Molecular docking revealed that NAID. ecould form dual π -alkyl interactions with PHE331 and TYR334 in the active site of AChE.［Conclusion］ A series of indole derivatives with marked antifouling activity were successfully synthesized，providing promising candidate compounds for the development of novel antifouling agents.

Key words: N-alkylated, indole derivatives, antifouling performance, acetylcholinesterase, fouling organisms, inhibitory activity

中图分类号: 

• TQ637. 3