摘要： 【目的 /意义】随着环保法规日趋严格及海洋生态保护需求提升，无铜自抛光防污涂料已成为防治海洋生物污损的研究热点。传统含铜涂料因铜离子利用率低、生态毒性及诱发基体腐蚀等问题，应用日益受限。【分析 /评论 /进展】本文系统综述无铜防污涂料的研究进展，重点阐述其三大防污机理：表面物理性质调控、生物感知干扰与环境友好型防污剂可控释放；介绍了天然产物（如辣椒素、喜树碱）及合成化合物（如丁烯酸内酯、美托咪啶）等新型防污剂的应用，分析了丙烯酸锌 /硅树脂体系及有机氟 /硅低表面能涂料的性能优化策略，并总结了不含生物杀伤剂涂料的优势与挑战。【结论 /展望】无铜防污涂料在环境相容性与长效防污性方面潜力显著，为发展可持续海洋防污技术提供了新方向。

关键词: 无铜防污涂料, 低表面能防污涂料, 自抛光防污涂料, 美托咪啶

Abstract: ［Objective/Significance］ With increasingly stringent environmental regulations andgrowing demands for marine ecological conservation，copper-free self-polishing antifouling coatingshave become a research hotspot for marine biofouling control. Traditional copper-based coatings areincreasingly restricted due to issues such as low copper ion utilization efficiency，ecological toxicity， and induced substrate corrosion.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］Recent advancements in copper-free antifouling coatings were systematically reviewed in this article，three main antifouling mechanisms including regulation of surface physical properties，interference with biological perception，and the controlled release of environmentally friendly antifoulants were mainly discussed. The applications ofnovel antifoulants derived from natural products（e. g.，capsaicin，camptothecin） and synthetic compounds（e.g.，butenolide，medetomidine）were introduced，and the performance optimizations forzinc/silyl acrylate resin systems and organic fluorine/silicone-based low-surface-energy coatings wereanalyzed. Furthermore，the advantages and challenges of biocide-free coatings were summarized.［Conclusion/Prospect］ Copper-free antifouling coatings showed significant potential in environmental compatibility and long-term antifouling performance，offering a promising direction for the development of sustainable marine antifouling technologies.

Key words: copper-free antifouling coating, low surface energy antifouling coating, self-polishing fouling protection coating, medetomidine

中图分类号: 

• TQ637. 3