摘要： 火灾预警防火涂层能够实现主动预警响应和被动防火保护双重作用，相比于需要安装在特定位置的传统火灾探测报警器，涂层传感材料与火焰的接触面积大大增加，在提高预警效率和可燃材料火灾安全性能方面具有重要的应用价值。从传感材料热致响应特性角度出发，探讨了电阻型和电压型涂层的火灾预警机制，阐释了涂层的 3 种防火机理；综述了近年来基于传感材料，如氧化石墨烯、碳纳米管、金属氧化物、MXene等的各类涂层在火灾预警与防火性能方面的研究和应用现状，指出火灾预警防火涂层性能比较单一，需赋予其疏水、疏油、自愈合等多种性能以实现涂层的多功能化，开发大尺寸涂层制备技术以实现市场化生产，结合人工智能技术以实现更高水平的预警防火应用，最后对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 火灾预警, 防火涂层, 多功能化, 智能化

Abstract: Fire warning and fire retardant coatings could realize the dual role of active early warning response and passive fire retardant protection. Compared with the traditional fire detection alarm that needed to be installed in a specific location, the contact area between the coating sensing materials and the flame was greatly increased, which had important application value in improving the early warning efficiency and the fire safety performance of combustible materials. Based on the thermal response characteristics of sensing materials, this paper discussed the fire warning mechanisms of resistance-based and voltage-based coatings, and explained three fire retardant mechanisms of coatings. The research and application status of various coatings based on sensing materials such as graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, metal oxides, and MXene in fire warning and fire retardant performance in recent years had been reviewed. It was pointed out that fire warning and fire retardant coatings had relatively single performance, and it was necessary to endow them with hydrophobic, oleophobic, and self-healing properties to achieve multi-functional coatings. The preparation technology of large-size coating needed to develop to achieve market production, combined with artificial intelligence technology to achieve a higher level of early warning fire retardant applications, and its future development trend was prospected.

Key words: fire warning, fire retardant coating, multifunctionality, intelligentization

中图分类号: 

• Q637. 6