［Objective/Significance］ In recent years，driven by innovations in application processes，emerging industry demands，and the deepening implementation of China’s“dual carbon” policy，higher requirements have been placed on systematic research and technological innovation fortwo-component waterborne polyurethane coating.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］ This papersystematically elaborates on the crosslinking and curing reaction mechanisms and film-forming processes oftwo-component waterborne polyurethane，analyzing the causes of common defects and approaches toformulation optimization. It provides a focused review of research advances in applications across railtransit vehicles，automotive interiors，furniture，anti-corrosion，construction，and new energy sectors， and introduces the latest progress in the application of novel bio-based raw materials in two-componentwaterborne polyurethane coating systems.［Conclusions/Prospect］ Research demonstrates that continuous innovation in two-component waterborne polyurethane coating technology has effectivelydriven industrial upgrading and high-quality development in the coatings industry，providing a viable technological pathway for the synergistic achievement of green manufacturing and“dual carbon”goals， with significant strategic value and broad application prospects.