［Objective/Significance］ In this paper，the research progress of UV-curable bio-based waterborne polyurethane（UV-BWPU）was systematically reviewed，its key technical challenges and potential solutions were elucidated，to provide technical references for technological innovation and large-scale application in this field.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］ Firstly，the raw materials， preparation processes，and modification strategies for UV-BWPU synthesis were introduced. Secondly， the advances in high-performance enhancement and functionalization were reviewed，includingantibacterial，self-healing and anti-corrosion functionalities，highlighting the significant advantages of UV-BWPU in the fields of environmental friendliness and sustainable development.［Conclusion/Prospect］Despite the current milestones achieved in UV-BWPU，future research should prioritize the development of structurally regular non-food monomers and compatible additives， integrating multi-crosslinking strategies，molecular simulation，and intelligent design to overcome bottlenecks in achieving high performance，such as high bio-based content，stiffness-toughness balance，and autonomous self-healing.