［Objective］To address the insufficient mechanical and barrier properties of traditional anticorrosion coating，this study synergistically combined nanosheets with tough cardanol-based vinyl ester（VER） resin to construct a high-performance nanoparticle-reinforced bio-based composite anticorrosion coating.［Methods］ Gallic acid-modified graphene oxide（NGA） was prepared by modifying graphene oxide（GO）with gallic acid（GA）via the bridging effect of diethylenetriamine. Subsequently，NGA was incorporated as a functional filler into a tough cardanol-based VER resin. Aseries of NGA/VER composite anticorrosion coatings were then fabricated through a UV curing approach.［Results］ The optimized cured film exhibited a gel content exceeding 99%，a tensile strength over 80 MPa，an elongation at break of 17. 59%，and a pencil hardness of 6H. Additionally，it demonstrated excellent thermal stability， chemical resistance， and long-term anticorrosion performance.［Conclusion］ This study constructed a high-strength and tough anticorrosion nanocomposite coating by synergistically combining modified GO with cardanol-based VER resin， providing an effective strategy for developing high-performance bio-based anticorrosion coating.