［Objective/Significance］ Peelable coating is a category of temporary protective materials that integrates the functions of "film -forming，encapsulating，and integral peeling". It demonstrates significant potential in fields such as the degradation of chemical warfare agents， radioactive decontamination，cultural relic preservation，and protection of nuclear power facilities.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］This article focuses on the core research content of peelable coatings， systematically reviewing their material systems，preparation processes，performance optimization strategies，and industrial applications in multiple fields. At the same time，it deeply explores the keyissues and optimization directions currently being faced.［Conclusion/Prospect］Peelable coating canretain its essential peelability while achieving marked improvements in mechanical strength，barrier properties，and decontamination efficiency through strategies such as nanofiller reinforcement， multilayer structural design，and controllable cross-linking. Future efforts should advance the peelablecoating towards greener formulations，intelligent functionalities，extended service life，and enhanced engineering applicability to overcome existing bottlenecks and broaden their practical prospects.