［Objective/Significance］Facing the global challenge of continuous increase of energy consumption，radiative cooling coating materials，as a zero-energy-consumption，environmentally friendly passive cooling technology，provide a feasible solution.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］This paper systematically elaborates on the principles，material systems，and performance characteristics of radiative cooling technology. It clarifies that radiative cooling materials must possess high solar reflectance（≥92%）and high atmospheric window emissivity（≥92%），and provides a detailed analysis of the performance features of three key material systems—polymer-based materials，inorganic materials，and composite hybrid systems. Furthermore，it explores their practical applications across various fields，including construction（roofs，exterior walls and glass），energy（solar cells，energy storage and dew collection），electronic devices，transportation，textiles，and agriculture.［Conclusion/Prospect］ Research demonstrates that radiative cooling coating materials offer significant advantages in energyconservation and emission reduction，with promising potential for broader applications in the future， thereby providing important support for carbon neutrality goals.