［Objective］ To reduce the significant energy consumption required to maintain acomfortable indoor temperature in a building.［Methods］Hollow glass microsphere thermal insulation coatings（HPM-TIM）and hollow polymer microsphere thermal insulation coatings（HPM-TIM）were prepared using the PVA/SiO₂ composite aerogel，HGM and HPM as the main thermal insulation fillers. The effects of PVA/SiO₂ composite aerogel，HGM and HPM with different amounts on the thermal conductivity of the coatings were investigated，and the mechanical properties，medium resistant，thermal stability，and thermal insulation properties of HGM-TIM and HPM-TIM were compared.［Results］The thermal conductivity of the coating was lowest when the mass fractions of PVA/SiO₂ composite aerogel， HGM（or HPM） were 3%，23%（or 8%）， respectively. The density of HPM-TIM was as low as 0. 056 8 g/cm³，with the thermal conductivity of 0. 027 7 W/（m·K） at 35 ℃ . When the coating thickness of HPM-TIM was only 2 mm，the heat insulation temperature difference could reach 40 ℃.［Conclusion］HPM-TIM exhibited better thermal insulation properties than HGM-TIM.