In order to meet the demand of high hardness and light weight，a one-component polyurea was prepared by using isocyanate as the hard segment，polyol and terminal hydroxyl polyether as the soft segment，latent curing agent as the chain extender，and adding catalyst，hydrolysis promoter and other additives. The effects of raw material composition and formulation design on the performance of the one-component polyurea wereinvestigated by testing the curing time，viscosity hardness，tensile fracture properties and adhesion strength；the microstructure and hydrogen bond formation of the coating were characterized by infrared spectroscopy；and its waterproofing performance was also evaluatedby water contact angle and water absorption rate tests. The results showed that the curing timeand mechanical properties of the one-component polyurea gradually improved with the increase of —NCO content，especially the comprehensive performance of the coating preparedwith polyester polyol as the soft segment. In addition，the mechanical properties of the coating showed a tendency to increase and then decrease with the increase of the latent curing agent， and the shifts of the N—H and C=O absorption peaks indicated the formation of hydrogenbonds in the materials. The combination of all the properties identified the optimal formulationof IPDI-type high hardness one-component polyurea，which was capable of meeting the requirements of the target application.