【目的 /意义】面对全球能源能耗持续增长的问题，辐射制冷材料作为一种零能耗、环境友好的被动式冷却技术，提供了一种可行的解决方案。【分析 /评论 /进展】系统阐述了辐射制冷技术的原理、材料体系及性能特点，阐明了辐射制冷材料需具备太阳光高反射率（ ≥92%）与大气窗口高发射率（≥92%）的特性，并重点分析了辐射制冷的 3种材料体系 ——聚合物基材料、无机材料及复合杂化体系的性能特点。同时，深入探讨了其在建筑领域（屋顶、外墙、玻璃）、能源领域（太阳能电池、储能、露水收集）、电子设备、交通领域、纺织品领域及农业等领域的实际应用。【结论 /展望】辐射制冷材料在节能减排方面具有显著优势，未来有望应用在更多领域，为碳中和目标提供重要支撑。

［Objective/Significance］Facing the global challenge of continuous increase of energy consumption，radiative cooling coating materials，as a zero-energy-consumption，environmentally friendly passive cooling technology，provide a feasible solution.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］This paper systematically elaborates on the principles，material systems，and performance characteristics of radiative cooling technology. It clarifies that radiative cooling materials must possess high solar reflectance（≥92%）and high atmospheric window emissivity（≥92%），and provides a detailed analysis of the performance features of three key material systems—polymer-based materials，inorganic materials，and composite hybrid systems. Furthermore，it explores their practical applications across various fields，including construction（roofs，exterior walls and glass），energy（solar cells，energy storage and dew collection），electronic devices，transportation，textiles，and agriculture.［Conclusion/Prospect］ Research demonstrates that radiative cooling coating materials offer significant advantages in energyconservation and emission reduction，with promising potential for broader applications in the future， thereby providing important support for carbon neutrality goals.