【目的 /意义】硅酸盐质文物的保护工作对文化遗产传承至关重要。采用有机硅材料对硅酸盐质文物本体进行保护加固，是减缓文物损毁和改善文物保存状况的直接有效方法，具有突出的研究与应用价值。【分析 /评论 /进展】基于有机硅材料的独特化学结构和优异性能，主要阐述了该材料对硅酸盐质文物的保护加固机理，介绍了硅氧烷及其复合材料与有机硅改性的丙烯酸树脂材料、纳米材料、环氧树脂材料、仿生合成材料等在硅酸盐质文物保护中的研究与应用进展，并探讨了在实际研究与应用中存在的一些问题和应对思路。【结论 /展望】有机硅材料与硅酸盐质基材有良好的相容性，可发挥多种材料相协同的优势，是较理想的硅酸盐质文物的保护加固材料。有机硅材料也面临着渗透不佳、盐分富集破坏及老化失效等系列问题，未来应着重于开发对应性强的材料，探索仿生合成等环保型材料，并聚焦解决材料渗透性和界面应力问题等。

［Objective/Significance］ Silicate-based cultural relics hold significant historical， artistic，and scientific value，and their conservation is crucial for the transmission of cultural heritage.The use of silicone materials for the protection and reinforcement of silicate-based relics serves as adirect and effective method to mitigate deterioration and improve preservation conditions，demonstrating remarkable research and application value.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］Based on the unique chemical structure and superior properties of silicone materials，this study elaborated on their protection and reinforcement mechanisms for silicate-based relics. It reviewed the research and application progress of siloxanes and their composites，silicone-modified acrylic resins，nanomaterials， epoxy resins，and biomimetic synthetic materials in the conservation of silicate-based relics. Additionally，it discussed existing challenges in practical research and applications，along with potential solutions.［Conclusion/Prospect］Silicone materials exhibit excellent compatibility with silicate substrates and leverage the synergistic advantages of multiple materials，making them an ideal choice for the protection and reinforcement of silicate-based relics. However，they still face challenges such as poor penetration，salt enrichment damage，and aging-induced failure. Future research should focus on developing highly targeted materials，exploring eco-friendly biomimetic synthesis approaches， and enhancing material permeability and interfacial stress resistance.