【目的】针对煤矿巷道壁面煤尘污染，使用硅溶胶改性丙烯酸乳液制作矿用耐沾污清漆，揭示炭质煤尘与灰尘之间沾污行为的差异。【方法】基于 GB/T 9780—2013中的 A法建立耐煤尘沾污评价方案，研究乳液中聚合物玻璃化转变温度（T_g）、界面亲疏水性及硅溶胶改性对耐煤尘沾污性能的影响。采用水接触角仪与扫描电子显微镜分析煤尘对有机涂层的浸润行为与黏附机制，观察硅溶胶改性形成的微纳结构特征，同步测试了耐沾污清漆的耐水性、耐碱性及热贮存稳定性等关键指标。【结果】随着乳液 T_g提高，涂层耐沾污性显著增强，炭质煤尘与有机涂层相似相容而增强沾污附着力，涂层疏水性的提升可通过增强与疏水性煤尘间的分子间作用力来进一步提升其沾污稳定性，硅溶胶改性生成的片层状二氧化硅晶体通过极性相斥削弱了涂层与煤尘的结合能力。【结论】基于多效协同机制研发的矿用耐沾污清漆在煤尘沾污前后的反射系数下降率<5%，显著抑制煤尘吸附，耐沾污性能优异，适用于高煤尘污染环境的长效防护。

［Objective］To address coal ash contamination on coal mine tunnel walls，a coal mine anti-stain varnish coating was developed by using silica sol-modified acrylic emulsion，revealingdifferences in contamination behavior between carbonaceous coal ash and conventional ash.［Methods］Based on the method A in GB/T 9780—2013 standard，a coal ash resistance evaluation protocol was established. The effects of the polymer glass transition temperature（T_g），interfacial hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity，and silica sol modification on coal ash resistance of emulsions were studied. Water contact angle meter and scanning electron microscope（SEM）were employed to analyzethe infiltration behavior and adhesion mechanisms of coal ash on organic coating，while SEM was used to observe the micro-nano structural characteristics formed by silica sol modification. Key performanceindicators such as water resistance，alkali resistance，and thermal storage stability of the anti-stain varnish were simultaneously tested.［Results］As the T_g of emulsion increased，the stain resistance of coating was significantly enhanced，carbonaceous coal ash exhibited compatibility with organic coating， resulting in increase of adhesion strength. Hydrophobic interfaces improved the stain stability bystrengthening intermolecular interactions with the coal ash，while the silica crystals generated by silicasol modification weaken the bonding strength between coating and coal ash through polar repulsion.［Conclusion］ Based on the multi-effect synergistic mechanism，the anti-stain varnish exhibited a reflectance coefficient decline rate below 5% post-contamination，significantly inhibit coal ash adsorption，and was suitable for long term protection of high coal ash polluted environments.