【目的】降低建筑物内维持自身舒适温度所需的大量能耗。【方法】以 PVA/SiO₂复合气凝胶、 HGM和 HPM为主要隔热填料，制备了空心玻璃微球保温隔热涂料（ HGM-TIM）和中空聚合物微球保温隔热涂料（HPM-TIM）研究了 PVA/SiO₂复合气凝胶、 HGM和 HPM掺量对涂料导热系数的影响，并对比了 HGM-TIM和 HPM-TIM的力，学性能、耐介质、耐温变性和保温隔热性能。【结果】 PVA/SiO₂复合气凝胶、 HGM（或 HPM）质量分数分别为 3%、23%（或 8%）时涂膜导热系数最低，且 HPM-TIM的密度低至 0. 056 8 g/cm3，35 ℃时导热系数为 0. 027 7 W/（m·K），涂层厚度仅为 2 mm时隔热温差可达 40 ℃。【结论】 HPM-TIM比 HGM-TIM表现出更优的保温隔热性能。

［Objective］ To reduce the significant energy consumption required to maintain acomfortable indoor temperature in a building.［Methods］Hollow glass microsphere thermal insulation coatings（HPM-TIM）and hollow polymer microsphere thermal insulation coatings（HPM-TIM）were prepared using the PVA/SiO₂ composite aerogel，HGM and HPM as the main thermal insulation fillers. The effects of PVA/SiO₂ composite aerogel，HGM and HPM with different amounts on the thermal conductivity of the coatings were investigated，and the mechanical properties，medium resistant，thermal stability，and thermal insulation properties of HGM-TIM and HPM-TIM were compared.［Results］The thermal conductivity of the coating was lowest when the mass fractions of PVA/SiO₂ composite aerogel， HGM（or HPM） were 3%，23%（or 8%）， respectively. The density of HPM-TIM was as low as 0. 056 8 g/cm³，with the thermal conductivity of 0. 027 7 W/（m·K） at 35 ℃ . When the coating thickness of HPM-TIM was only 2 mm，the heat insulation temperature difference could reach 40 ℃.［Conclusion］HPM-TIM exhibited better thermal insulation properties than HGM-TIM.