摘要： 为提高涂料保温隔热性能，以硅溶胶为主要成膜物，苯丙乳液为辅助成膜物，在基体表面形成双层隔热涂层，其中底层和顶层涂料分别以 SiO₂气凝胶、片状铝粉作为隔热填料。系统研究了片状铝粉和 SiO₂气凝胶对双层涂料隔热性能的影响，并对相关隔热机理进行了探讨。结果表明：片状铝粉含量为 4%时涂层的隔热效果最好，与空白板相比隔热温差达到 9. 1 ℃；SiO₂气凝胶的添加量为 4%~5%时，涂层的隔热性能最佳。片状铝粉的添加可使涂料具有反射型隔热性能，而 SiO₂气凝胶的添加使涂料具有阻隔型隔热特性。结合这两者的隔热特性，成功构建了具有双机制隔热特性的双层涂料结构，其隔热温差达到了 10. 9 ℃，高于单一涂层的隔热效果。

关键词: 硅溶胶, 双层涂料, 片状铝粉, SiO₂气凝胶, 隔热保温

Abstract: To enhance the thermal insulation properties of coatings，double-layer coatings were constructed. The coatings were prepared with silica sol and styrene-acrylic emulsion as the main and auxiliary film-forming compounds，respectively. The bottom and top coating contained SiO₂ aerogel and flaky aluminum powder as their thermal insulation fillers，respectively. The behavior of flake aluminum powder and SiO₂ aerogel thermal insulating fillers on the thermal insulating properties of double-layer coating was systematically investigated，and the related thermal insulating mechanisms were discussed. The results indicated that the optimal insulation effect was achieved with 4% aluminum powder addition，resulting in the insulation temperature difference of 9. 1 ℃ compared with that ofthe blank board sample. For the SiO₂ aerogel-based coating，the optimal addition for bestthermal insulation was 4%-5%. The addition of flaky aluminum powder could render it withthe reflection-type thermal insulation property，while the addition of SiO₂ aerogel could render it with the barrier-type thermal insulation property. By combining the thermal insulation characteristics of both，a double-layer coating structure with dual mechanism thermal insulation properties was successfully constructed，with a thermal insulation temperature difference of 10. 9 ℃，which was higher than the thermal insulation effect of a single coating.

Key words: silica sol, double-layer coatings, flaky aluminum powder, SiO₂ aerogel, thermal insulation

中图分类号: 

• TQ637. 6