【目的】针对光伏组件户外积灰导致光电转换效率下降的问题。【方法】以亲水纳米 SiO₂为填料、 1H，1H，2H，2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷（PFDTES）为改性剂、聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）为树脂基体，采用浸涂法制备纳米 SiO2/PDMS透明超疏水自清洁涂层，研究纳米 SiO₂添加量对涂层结构、疏水性、透光性、力学性能与耐候性的影响，并测试涂层对硅电池光电性能的影响。【结果】纳米 SiO₂添加量为 0. 5 g时涂层综合性能最优，水接触角达 164. 8°，滚动角为 7°，透光率 68. 8%，具备一定自清洁效果，但表面硬度偏低；涂层经紫外连续照射 7d或高热高湿环境放置 70 h，仍保持超疏水性，在酸碱溶液中浸泡 3h后水接触角仍高于 143°；将最优涂层应用于光伏玻璃表面，电池光电转换效率仅下降 2.18%，核心光伏参数无明显变化。【结论】该涂层制备工艺简便、成本可控，兼具超疏水、自清洁与良好耐候性，与光伏器件兼容性优异，可有效解决光伏组件户外积灰清洁难题，为光伏组件自清洁防护涂层的研发与产业化应用提供实验依据与技术支撑。

［Purpose］To address the reduction in photovoltaic conversion efficiency caused byoutdoor dust accumulation on photovoltaic（PV）modules.［Method］A nano-SiO2/PDMS coating was fabricated via dip coating using hydrophilic nano-SiO₂ as the filler，1H，1H，2H，2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane（PFDTES）as the surface modifier，and polydimethylsiloxane（PDMS）as the polymer matrix. The effect of nano-SiO₂ addition on the coating structure，hydrophobicity， translucency，mechanical properties，and weather resistance was studied，and the effect of the coating on the photoelectric properties of silicon cells was tested.［Results］The coating exhibited the best overall performance at a nano-SiO₂ loading of 0. 5 g，achieving a water contact angle of 164. 8°，a sliding angle of 7°，and an optical transmittance of 68. 8%. It also demonstrated a certain degree of self-cleaning capability，although its surface hardness remained relatively low. The coating remainedsuperhydrophobic even after being continuously irradiated with ultraviolet light for 7 days or placed in ahigh-temperature and high-humidity environment for 70 hours. After soaking in an acidic or alkalinesolution for 3 hours，the water contact angle remained above 143° . When the optimized coating wasapplied to the surface of PV cover glass，the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the cell onlydecreased by 2. 18%，and there was no significant change in the core photovoltaic parameters.［Conclusion］The proposed coating can be prepared through a simple and cost-controllable processand combines superhydrophobicity，self-cleaning capability，and good weathering resistance. It hadexcellent compatibility with photovoltaic devices and could effectively solve the problem of outdoor dustself-cleaning of photovoltaic modules. It provided experimental basis and technical support for theresearch and industrial application of self-cleaning protective coatings for photovoltaic modules.