【目的 /意义】水性聚氨酯（ WPU）是环保型涂料重要的基体树脂，但其分子链含亲水基团导致的耐水性差、介质阻隔能力弱，严重制约了其在防腐涂料中的应用。【分析 /评论 /进展】本文围绕 WPU涂层防腐性能的提升，系统综述了 WPU涂层由被动防护向主动防护的高性能化研究进展，重点阐述了交联网络构建、有机 -无机杂化、二维纳米填料复合、超疏水界面构筑及多组分协同改性等策略对涂层致密化与阻隔性能的增强机制；归纳了损伤自修复、智能缓蚀控释及腐蚀可视化预警等主动防腐方法。【结论 /展望】未来，通过功能单体分子设计、 WPU结构精准调控、涂料配方与制备工艺系统优化等，有望进一步实现 WPU防腐涂料性能提升与应用领域的扩展。

［Objective/Significance］ Waterborne polyurethane（WPU） is an important matrix resin for environmentally friendly coatings；however，the hydrophilic groups in its molecular chains leadto poor water resistance and weak barrier properties，which severely limit its application in anti-corrosion coatings.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］Focusing on the enhancement of WPU coatings anti-corrosion performance，this paper systematically reviews the research progress in high-performance WPU coatings-shifting from passive to active protection. The paper focuses on the mechanisms by which strategies such as crosslinked network construction，organic-inorganic hybridization，two-dimensional nanofiller incorporation，superhydrophobic interface construction，and multicomponent synergistic modification enhance the densification and barrier properties of coatings. It also summarizes active protection methods，including self-healing of damage，smart corrosion inhibition with controlled release，and visual corrosion early warning.［Conclusion/Prospect］ Finally，future development directions in this field are envisioned from the aspects of functional monomer moleculardesign，precise regulation of WPU structure，and systematic optimization of coating formulation and preparation processes.