【目的/意义】近年来，施工工艺革新、新兴行业需求及“双碳”政策深入推进等多重驱动，对双组分水性聚氨酯涂料的系统性研究与技术创新提出了更高要求。【分析/评论/进展】系统阐述了双组分水性聚氨酯的交联固化反应机理与成膜过程，分析了常见缺陷的成因与配方优化思路。重点梳理了该技术在轨道交通工具、汽车内饰、木器、防腐、建筑及新能源等应用领域中的研究进展，并介绍了新型生物基原料在双组分水性聚氨酯涂料体系中的应用进展。【结论/展望】双组分水性聚氨酯涂料技术的持续创新有效推动了涂料行业的产业升级与高质量发展，为绿色制造与“双碳”目标的协同实现提供了可行的技术路径，具有重要的战略价值与广阔的应用前景。

［Objective/Significance］ In recent years，driven by innovations in application processes，emerging industry demands，and the deepening implementation of China’s“dual carbon” policy，higher requirements have been placed on systematic research and technological innovation fortwo-component waterborne polyurethane coating.［Analysis/Discussion/Progress］ This papersystematically elaborates on the crosslinking and curing reaction mechanisms and film-forming processes oftwo-component waterborne polyurethane，analyzing the causes of common defects and approaches toformulation optimization. It provides a focused review of research advances in applications across railtransit vehicles，automotive interiors，furniture，anti-corrosion，construction，and new energy sectors， and introduces the latest progress in the application of novel bio-based raw materials in two-componentwaterborne polyurethane coating systems.［Conclusions/Prospect］ Research demonstrates that continuous innovation in two-component waterborne polyurethane coating technology has effectivelydriven industrial upgrading and high-quality development in the coatings industry，providing a viable technological pathway for the synergistic achievement of green manufacturing and“dual carbon”goals， with significant strategic value and broad application prospects.