【目的】为解决双酚 A型环氧树脂在固化后脆性大、柔韧性差的问题。【方法】采用邻苯二甲酸酐与 1，4-丁二醇、 1，6-己二醇、 1，10-癸二醇的反应产物二酸，改性双酚 A环氧树脂 E51并将其转相乳化制取相应的改性水性环氧树脂（ PE），同时采用双酚 A替换二元羧酸制备了 BPA型水性环氧乳液（ PEB）作为对比样。通过核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱表征了产物的结构；采用差示扫描量热仪及动态热机械分析仪表征了 PE和 PEB树脂的玻璃化转变温度（T_g）及其固化膜的热力学性能。此外，分别将 PE和 PEB搭配胺类固化剂制备了水性环氧底漆，并研究了底漆的应用性能。【结果】 PE树脂的 T_g明显低于 PEB；PE固化膜的热力学性能受二元醇的结构影响明显，采用 1，6-己二醇制备的 PE-6固化膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率大幅提升，比 PEB固化膜更强韧。 PE-6底漆的力学性能及耐介质性能最优，与 PEB底漆相当，且耐冲击性优于 PEB底漆。【结论】通过分子结构设计可实现水性环氧树脂强度、柔韧性与贮存稳定性的协同优化，为水性环氧树脂的高效增韧提供新策略。

［Objective］To address the issue of high brittleness and poor toughness of bisphenol-A epoxy resin after curing.［Methods］ The reaction products of phthalic anhydride with 1，4-butanediol，1，6-hexanediol，and 1，10-decanediol were used as dicarboxylic acids to modify bisphenol A epoxy resin E51，which were then phase-transferred and emulsified to prepare the correspondingmodified waterborne epoxy resin（PE）. At the same time，bisphenol A was used to replace thedicarboxylic acids to prepare a BPA-type waterborne epoxy emulsion（PEB）as a comparison sample. The structure of the products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） proton spectroscopy and infrared（IR）spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature（T_g）of the PE and PEB resins and the thermodynamic properties of their cured films were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）and dynamic mechanical analysis（DMA）. In addition，waterborne epoxy primers were prepared by mixing PE and PEB with amine curing agents，and the application performance of the primers was studied.［Results］The T_g of PE resins were significantly lower than that of PEB；the thermodynamic properties of the cured PE films were clearly influenced by thestructure of the diol，with the PE-6 film prepared using 1，6-hexanediol showing significantly improved tensile strength and elongation at break，making it stronger and tougher than the PEB cured film. The PE-6 primer demonstrated the best mechanical and chemical resistance properties，comparable to the PEB primer，and superior impact resistance.［Conclusion］In summary，through molecular structure design，the strength，toughness，and storage stability of waterborne epoxy resins could be synergistically optimized，providing a new strategy for efficient toughening of waterborne epoxy resins.