【目的】为解决水性环氧树脂应用于金属防腐底漆时，涂层质脆、易形成裂纹导致的腐蚀介质易透过涂层孔隙腐蚀金属基材的问题。【方法】以 2-丁基.2-乙基.1，3-丙二醇与酸酐合成 4种二酸，将二酸与环氧树脂 E-51反应并水性化，制得 4种改性水性环氧树脂。通过核磁共振氢谱及红外光谱表征了二酸及改性环氧树脂的结构。采用动态热机械分析仪研究了改性环氧树脂清漆固化膜的热力学性能，并研究了改性环氧树脂作为成膜物的环氧防腐涂料的应用性能。【结果】以甲基六氢苯酐为原料制备的水性环氧固化膜及涂层的力学性能和耐性最佳，固化膜的拉伸强度达到 32. 1 MPa，断裂伸长率达到 79. 3%，涂层耐盐雾时间达到 384 h，耐 40 ℃水失效时间达到 480 h，耐酸测试达到 168 h。【结论】通过二酸改性水性环氧树脂制成的环氧底漆，可有效改善涂层韧性及耐性，具备一定应用潜力。

［Objective］ To address the problem that waterborne epoxy resins used in metalanticorrosive primers tend to form brittle coatings with poor toughness and a propensity for cracking.These cracks allowed corrosive media to penetrate through coating defects and corrode the underlyingmetal substrate.［Methods］ Four dicarboxylic acids were synthesized from 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1，3-propanediol and acid anhydrides. These dicarboxylic acids were then reacted with epoxy resin E-51and the resulting products were subsequently converted into waterborne systems to obtain four modifiedwaterborne epoxy resins. The structures of both the dicarboxylic acids and the modified epoxy resins werecharacterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance（1HNMR）spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy.The mechanical properties of the cured films from the modified epoxy resin varnishes were investigatedby dynamic thermomechanical analysis. In addition，the application performance of epoxy anticorrosive coatings using the modified epoxy resins as film-forming binders was evaluated.［Results］ The waterborne epoxy cured film and corresponding coating prepared from methyl hexahydrophthalicanhydride exhibited the best overall mechanical and anticorrosive properties. The tensile strength of thecured film reached 32. 1 MPa，with an elongation at break of 79. 3%. The coating's salt spray resistance reached 384 h，its water resistance at 40 ℃ reached 480 h，and its acid resistance reached 168 h.［Conclusion］ Dicarboxylic-acid-modified waterborne epoxy resins could effectively improve the toughness and durability of coatings，demonstrating promising potential for practical applications.