【目的】提升户外设施在严寒环境中的防冰性能与使用寿命，摆脱传统含氟材料的环境风险。【方法】以废弃豆浆粉为原料，基于三氯化铁诱导蛋白质变性效应协同单宁酸 -三氯化铁络合反应，通过简便喷涂技术制备具有光热防冰效果的植物蛋白基无氟超疏水纺织（SPMC）涂层。【结果】该涂层表现出优异超疏水性与防除冰性能，接触角为 152. 2°，滚动角为 6°，-15 ℃环境中能将 10 μL液滴结冰时间延长 3. 1倍，冰黏附力仅为原始织物的 7. 4%。在 1个太阳光强度照射 300 s后涂层温度可升至 78. 1 ℃，并实现快速除冰。【结论】 SPMC涂层融合了主动除冰与被动防冰机制，为极寒环境下纺织品防护提供清洁高效的技术路径。

［Objective］In order to improve the anti-icing performance and service life of outdoorfacilities in harsh cold environment，and eliminate the environmental risks of traditional fluorine-containing materials.［Methods］Using waste soybean milk powder as raw material，a plant protein-based fluorine-free superhydrophobic textile coating（SPMC）with photothermal anti-icing effect wasprepared based on the protein denaturation effect induced by ferric chloride and the complexationreaction of tannin-ferric chloride.［Results］ The coating has excellent superhydrophobic and anti-icing properties，with contact angle of 152. 2° and a sliding angle of 6°，the freezing time of 10 μL droplets can be delayed by 3. 1 times at -15 ℃，ice adhesion is only 7. 4% of that of the original fabric.Surface temperature can rise to 78. 1 ℃ after 300 s of sunlight at 1 sun intensity，allowing for complete de-icing in a short time.［Conclusion］The results show that SPMC coating integrates active de-icing and passive anti-icing mechanism，which provides a clean and efficient technical path for textile protection in extremely cold environments.