【目的】开发高性能超滑涂层，以应对严苛环境下的表面结冰和污损挑战。【方法】采用水热法在铝合金表面原位生长锌铝层状双氢氧化物（ ZnAl-LDH）纳米阵列，利用苯甲酸钠进行改性作为缓蚀剂，并通过全氟癸基硅烷（ PFDS）修饰构建超疏水涂层（ LDH-PFDS），继而在样品表面注入硅油润滑剂形成超滑涂层（ LDH-SLIPS）。采用 X射线衍射仪（ XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（SEM）、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪（ FT-IR）等分析其结构与成分，并测试其润湿性、防污（抗细菌、抗蛋白黏附）、防结冰及机械 /化学稳定性。【结果】 LDH-SLIPS超滑涂层具有优异的超疏水性（水接触角 162. 5°）；且其防污性能显著，对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率均超 99%，并能有效抵抗蛋白黏附。在防冰方面， LDH-SLIPS表面延迟结冰时间达 225 s，较裸铝板延长了 17. 75倍。此外，该涂层展现卓越的稳定性，经磨损、刮擦、超声及盐水浸泡后仍能维持超滑特性。【结论】本研究成功制备了一种基于 ZnAl-LDH的具有防污、防冰及高稳定性的超滑涂层，为解决铝合金在海洋环境应用中的表面失效问题提供了新策略。

［Objective］The development of high-performance slippery coating aimed to addressthe challenges of surface icing and fouling in harsh environments.［Methods］ A zinc-aluminum layered double hydroxide（ZnAl-LDH）nanoarray was grown in-situ on an aluminum alloy substrate via a hydrothermal method. Sodium benzoate was incorporated as a corrosion inhibitor， and perfluorodecylsilane（PFDS） was applied to construct a superhydrophobic coating（LDH-PFDS）. Subsequently，silicone oil was infused as a lubricant to form a slippery coating（LDH-SLIPS）. The structure and composition were characterized by XRD，SEM，and FT-IR，while properties including wettability，antifouling（including antibacterial and anti-protein adhesion），anti-icing，and mechanical/ chemical stability were evaluated.［Results］ The LDH-SLIPS slippery coating demonstrated exceptional superhydrophobicity，with a water contact angle of 162.54°. It also exhibited remarkable antifouling performance，with antibacterial rates exceeding 99% against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus，and effectively resisted protein adhesion. In terms of anti-icing properties，the LDH-SLIPS surface delayed ice formation for up to 225 seconds，representing a 1775% extension compared to the bare aluminum substrate. Additionally，the surface exhibited outstanding stability， maintaining its slippery characteristics after abrasion，scratching，ultrasonic treatment，and saline immersion.［Conclusion］ A slippery coating based on ZnAl-LDH was successfully fabricated， integrating multifunctional properties including antifouling，anti-icing，and high stability. This workprovided a novel strategy for mitigating surface failure of aluminum alloys in marine environments.