【目的】解决传统聚氨酯涂层在海洋防污应用中存在的降解性能和环保问题，制备一系列生物质改性可降解水性聚氨酯（WPU）涂料。【方法】以聚己内酯二醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为主要原料合成 R值为 1. 2的水性聚氨酯乳液，并分别添加微晶纤维素（MCC）、改性纤维素（MC）、椰壳纤维（CSF）和水溶性淀粉（WS） 4种生物质进行共混改性。对聚氨酯乳液进行了红外表征，系统研究了聚氨酯乳液稳定性、固含量及涂层铅笔硬度、亲水性、可降解性。优选配方与防污剂复配制备防污涂层，研究防污涂层对小球藻和金褐藻的抑制效果，并进行实海挂板验证。【结果】改性纤维素和水溶性淀粉可维持乳液稳定性并降低涂层亲水性。微晶纤维素、改性纤维素和椰壳纤维素可提升涂层硬度。防污涂层对 2种藻类抑制效果显著。实海挂板表明，在氧化亚铜体系中，添加 1%微晶纤维素或 1%改性纤维素防污效果最佳；在 DCOIT体系中，添加 1%微晶纤维素效果最好。【结论】生物质可以改变聚氨酯涂层性能和降解行为，1%微晶纤维素或改性纤维素可有效协同防污剂释放与聚氨酯降解过程，显著提升防污效果，具备良好的应用潜力。

［Objective］ To solve the degradation performance limitations and environmentalconcerns of traditional polyurethane coatings in marine antifouling applications，a series of degradable waterborne polyurethane（WPU）coatings modified with biomass materials were developed.［Methods］ A waterborne polyurethane emulsion with an R-value of 1. 2 was synthesized using polycaprolactonediol and isophorone diisocyanate. The emulsion was then blend-modified with four different biomassmaterials：microcrystalline cellulose（MCC），modified cellulose（MC），coconut shell fiber（CSF），and water-soluble starch（WS）. The polyurethane emulsion was characterized by FT-IR. A systematic evaluation was conducted on the emulsion′s stability，solid content，and the corresponding coating′s pencil hardness，hydrophilicity，and biodegradability. The optimized formulation was combined with anantifouling agent to to prepare antifouling coatings，whose inhibitory efficacy against Chlorella vulgans and Golden-brown algae was investigated. The performance was further validated through field testsusing submerged panels in a marine environment.［Results］Both modified cellulose and water-soluble starch contributed to maintaining the stability of the polyurethane emulsion and reduced the hydrophilicity of the coating. Microcrystalline cellulose，modified cellulose，and coconut shell fiber enhanced the coating hardness. The antifouling coatings exhibited significant inhibitory effects againstboth algal species. Marine exposure tests demonstrated that in the Cu2O system，the addition of 1% microcrystalline cellulose or 1% modified cellulose yielded the best antifouling performance，while in the DCOIT system，1% microcrystalline cellulose was most effective.［Conclusion］Biomass materials can effectively modulate the properties and degradation behavior of polyurethane coatings. The incorporation of 1% microcrystalline cellulose or modified cellulose facilitates effective synchronizationbetween the release of of antifouling agents and the degradation process of the polyurethane matrix， leading to significantly improved antifouling efficacy and showing good application potential.