【目的】解决现有大飞机表面无光涂层由于其表面粗糙度，导致油污难以清洗的问题。【方法】采用木质素中提取的呋喃二甲酸（ FDCA）代替 1，4-环己烷二甲酸（ CHDA）合成高固低黏的羟基聚酯。分别使用凝胶渗透色谱仪（ GPC）、傅立叶变化红外光谱仪（ FT-IR）、差示扫描量热仪（ DSC）测试表征合成聚酯树脂的相对分子质量、结构以及玻璃化转变温度（ T_g），使用旋转黏度计测试合成树脂的黏度；将合成的树脂配置成双组分飞机蒙皮涂料的 A组分，搭配异氰酸酯固化剂制备测试样板，测试了涂层的耐热性、耐人工污染、耐冲击性、耐航空油品、耐紫外老化和铅笔硬度。【结果】低光泽涂层的清洗效率达到 98. 2%，其余各项性能均满足航空涂料指标。【结论】 FDCA制备的树脂耐沾污性优于 CHDA制备的聚酯树脂。

［Objective］ To address the difficulty of removing oil stains caused by the surface roughness of existing matte coatings for large aircraft.［Methods］ High-solid，low-viscosity hydroxylated polyester was synthesized by using furandicarboxylic acid（FDCA）derived from lignin to replace 1，4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid（CHDA）. The synthesized polyester resin was characterized by gel permeation chromatography（GPC）， Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）， and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）to determine its relative molecular weight，chemical structure， and glass transition temperature，respectively. Its viscosity was measured using a rotational viscometer.The resin was formulated as component A of a two-component aircraft skin coating and combined withan isocyanate curing agent to prepare test panels. The heat resistance，resistance to artificial contamination，impact resistance，resistance to aviation fuels，resistance to artificial UV aging，and pencil hardness of the coating were tested.［Results］The cleaning efficiency of the low-gloss coatingreached 98. 2%，and all other performance parameters met the requirements of aviation coatings.［Conclusion］ The resin prepared with FDCA exhibits superior stain resistance compared to thepolyester resin prepared with CHDA.