【目的】开发一种兼具快速固化特性和环境友好性的聚氨酯海洋防污涂料。【方法】以巯基 -烯加成反应合成的两性离子前驱体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、蓖麻油、丙烯酸羟乙酯及 1，3-丙烷磺酸内酯为原料，制备光固化磺基甜菜碱型两性离子蓖麻油基聚氨酯树脂，并通过紫外光固化制得海洋防污涂层；利用红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、核磁共振波谱仪（ ¹H NMR）和高分辨质谱仪（ HRMS）表征前驱体结构，测定树脂中碳碳双键转化率。系统研究了磺基甜菜碱型两性离子涂层的吸水率、水接触角、抗硅藻附着性能及生物毒性。【结果】随着两性离子前驱体质量分数的增加，两性离子海洋防污涂层吸水率显著上升，水接触角下降，表面硅藻附着密度下降，两性离子前驱体质量分数为 30%的涂层表面硅藻附着密度最低，为（ 68±26）cells/mm²；且涂层对硅藻生长无毒害作用。【结论】磺基甜菜碱型两性离子涂层可有效抑制小新月菱形藻的附着，且对硅藻的生长基本无影响。

［Objective］ This study aims to develop a polyurethane-based marine antifoulingcoating combining fast curing characteristics with environmental friendliness.［Methods］ A UV-curable sulfobetaine-type zwitterionic castor oil-based polyurethane resin was prepared by using azwitterionic precursor synthesized via thiol-ene addition reaction，isophorone diisocyanate，castor oil， hydroxyethyl acrylate and 1，3-propanesultone. The antifouling coating was obtained through UVcuring. The precursor structure was characterized by FT-IR， ¹H NMR and HRMS，and the conversion rate of carbon-carbon double bonds in the resin was determined. The water absorption，water contact angle，diatom adhesion resistance and biotoxicity of the coating were systematically investigated.［Results］With the increasing of zwitterionic content，the water absorption rate increased significantly， the coating water contact angle decreased，and the diatom attachment density on the coating surfacedecreased. The coating with 30% zwitterionic precursor exhibited the lowest diatom attachment density of（68±26）cells/mm². Moreover，the coating showed no toxic effect on diatom growth.［Conclusion］ The zwitterionic coating can effectively inhibit the attachment of Nitzschia closterium，and has no significant effect on diatom growth.