自修复涂料能解决传统涂料在使用过程中因损伤而导致的性能下降和寿命缩短的问题。综述了自修复涂料的种类、自修复机制、发展进程；重点分析了本征型、外援型（微胶囊）以及集成多功能复合自修复涂料。探讨了自修复涂料在航空航天、混凝土、海洋和船舶制造等领域的实际应用情况。自修复涂料未来的发展应注重跨学科合作，结合材料科学、化学工程和人工智能等领域的最新研究成果。

Self-healing coatings can solve the problem of performance degradation andshortening of life span due to damages during the use of traditional materials. In this paper，the types of self-repairing coatings，self-repairing mechanism，and development process are reviewed. Focusing on endogenous self-repair coatings（microcapsules），exogenous self-repair coatings，and integrated multifunctional composite self-repair coatings are analysed in detail.Practical applications of self-healing coatings in aerospace，concrete，marine and shipbuilding are discussed. The future development of self-healing coatings should focus on interdisciplinary cooperation，combining the latest research achievements in fields such as materials science，chemical engineering and artificial intelligence.